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| Facilitated diffusion | movement of materials across the plasma membrane in the direction of the concentration gradient from higher to lower consentration
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| 6 risk factors for cancer= heredity,chemicals,ionizing radiation,physical irriatation,diet,viruses | heredity,chemicals,ionizing radiation,physical irriatation,diet,viruses
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| 2 manufactured solutions of isotonic body fluids=0.9% salt(normal saline), 5% dextrose (glucose) | 0.9% salt(normal saline), 5% dextrose (glucose)
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| what 2 things does active transport require=enery and proteins in the cell membrain that act as transporters | enery and proteins in the cell membrain that act as transporters
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| phagocytosis | large particles are moved into the cell
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| pinocytosis=engulf droplets of fluid | engulfs droplets of fluid
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| cellia= | small hair like projections that wave and create movement of fluids around the cells
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| flagella | long whiplike projection from the cell that propells the cell, found only in sperm cells
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| units that the nucleotide is composed of | sugar,phosphate,nitrogen
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| interphase | stage in the life of a cell between one mitosis and the next when a cell is not deviding
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| how is permeability of the plasma membrane best described | selectiviely permeable
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| 2 organelles involved in sorting and secreting proteins | golgi apparatus,rough er
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| mutation | change in agen or chromosome
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| cancer | altered cells that do not die naturally or get destroyed by the immune system
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| diffusion | the constant movement of particles from a region of relatively higher concentration to one of lower concentration
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| DNA | make up the chromosomes divided into genes that carry the nucleotide for the manufacture of proteins
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| hypertonic | cell will loose water, shrink, cell undergoes crenation
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| hypotonic | cell takes in water, swells and may burst, cell undergoes hemolysis
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| function of a cytoplasm | fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane
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| function of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane | they help reconize eachother and stick togather
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| prophase | DNA condenses into visible chromosomes
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| metaphase | chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell
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| anaphase | chromosomes are being pulled apart
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| telophase | a membrane appears around each group of seperated chromosomes, forming 2 new nuclei
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| messenger RNA | is built on a strand of DNA in the nucleous and transcribes the nucleotide code.move the cytoplasm and attaches to the ribosome
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| ribosomal RNA | with protein make up the ribosome.involved in the translating the genetic message into a protein
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| transfer RNA | works with other forms of RNA to translate the genetic code into protein.Each molecule of RNA carries a amino acid that can be used to build a protein at the ribosome
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| channels | porses in the membrane that allow specific substances to eneter or leave
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| transporters | shuttle substances from one side of a membrane to another
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| receptors | points of attachment for materials coming to the cellin blood or tissue fluid
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| enzymes | partcipate in reactions occuring at the plasma membrain
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| linkers | give structure to the membrane and help attach cells to other cells
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| cell identity markers | proteins unique to individual cells
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| function of a plasma membrain and what its composed of | plasma membrane encloses the cell contents and partcipate in cellular activities such as growth,reproduction,interaction between cells and regulate what can enter or leave. composed of phospholipids and cholesterol
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| nucleus | control center,contains chromosomes that direct all cellular activity
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| nucleolus | assembles ribosomes
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| endoplasmic reticulum(ER)rough | rough er sorts proteins and forms them into more complex compounds
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| smoothe er | is involved with lipid synthesis
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| mitochondria | convert energy from nutrients into ATP
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| golgi apparatus | makes compounds containg proteins, sorts and prepares these compounds for transport to other parts of the cells or out of the cell
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| lysosomes | digest substances with in cells
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| centrioles | helps seperate the chromosomes during cell division
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| peroxisomes | break down harmful substances
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| what is a self contained tumor called | benign
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| example of a self contained tumor | wart
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| what is a tumor that grows and invade the body called | malignant
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| 3 examples of carcinoma | skin,lung,breast cancer
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| 2 examples of sarcoma | osteosarcoma(bone cancer),rhabdomyosarcoma,(tumorin skeletal muscle
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| 2 examples of leukemia/lymphoma | hodgkins lymphoma(cance of the lymph nodes), granulocytic Luekemia (cancer in the white blood cells)
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| what characteristics of life does a cell show | organization,metabolism,responsiveness,homostasis,growth,reproduction
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| 3 types of microscopes | compound light micro,most common,magnifys up to 1000 times--Transmission electron-up to million times--scanning 100,000 times only surface, 3 demensional
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| the main substance of a plasma membrane | bilayer of phospholipids
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| 3 types of material found in the plasma membrane | cholesterol,proteins,carbohydrates
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| building blocks for nucleic acids | nucleotides
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