Final Exam
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| (Dates) 54BC | Caesar Lands in Britain
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| (Dates) 43 | Claudius conquers Celtic Britain
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| (Dates) 208 | Britain Begins to be Christianized
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| (Dates) 410 | Rome sacked by the Visogoths; Roman legions withrawn from Britain
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| (Dates) 449 | Angle, Saxon, and Jutish mercenaries are invited by Vortigern
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| (Dates) 490 | Battle of Mount Badon
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| (Dates) 597 | Pope Gregory sends Augustin to converts England
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| (Dates) 664 | Synod of Whitby
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| (Dates) 871 | Alfred comes to the throne
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| (Dates) 937 | Battle of Brunaburh
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| (Dates) 991 | Battle of Maldon
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| (Dates) 1066 | Norman Invasion
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| (Definitions) Alliteration | repetition of initial consonant sounds
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| (Definitions) Elegy | a sustained and formal poem setting forth the poet's meditations on death or some other solemn theme.
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| (Definitions) Epic | a long narrative poem presenting characters of high position in a series of adventures which form an organic whole through their relation to a central figure of heroic proportions and through their development of episodes important to the history of a...
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| (Definitions) Epic [Cont.] | nation or race
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| (Definitions) Kenning | a compound word of metaphoric quality
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| (Definitions) Litotes | a negative understatement
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| (Definitions) Formula | a group of words which is regularly employed under the same metrical conditions to express a given essential idea
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| (Definitions) Enjambment | a device of continuing the sense and grammatical construction of a verse or a couplet or line.
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| (Terms) Wyrd | fate
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| (Terms) Comitatus | leader/warrior relationship
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| (Terms) Cyning | king/leader
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| (Terms) Thane | warrior/vassal
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| (Terms) Dryhten | Lord/lord
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| (Poems & Categories) Oldest | "Caedmon's Hymn"
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| (Poems & Categories) Elegies | "Wanderer";
"Seafarer";
"Wife's Lament";
"Husband's Message";
"Ruin";
"Wulf and Eadwacer";
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| (Poems & Categories) Transitional between Elegy and Heroic | "Deor"
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| (Poems & Categories) Heroic | "Finnesburh Fragment";
"Waldere";
"Battle of Brunanburh";
"Battle of Maldon";
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| (Poems & Categories) Caedmonian | "Exodus";
"Daniel";
"Genesis A";
"Genesis B";
"Christ & Satan";
"Riming Poem" (also strongly elegiac)
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| (Poems & Categories) Cynewulfian | "Juliana" (Signed or Rune Signature);
"Fates of the Apostles" (S. or R. S.);
"Elena" (S. or R. S.);
"Christ II" (S. or R. S.);
"Dream of the Rood";
"Guthlac B" (Hagiographies);
"Andreas" (H.);
"Judith" (H.);
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| (Ideas and Lists) First 5 (of 11) Characteristics of Anglo-Saxon Poetry | 1. Four-Stress line;
2. Caesura;
3. Alliteration;
4. Repetition;
5. End-stopping lines
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| (Ideas and Lists) Last 6 (of 11) Characteristics of Anglo-Saxon Poetry | 6. Kennings;
7. Specialized Poetic Vocabulary;
8. Elevated and aristocratic tone;
9. Oral in nature;
10. Rapid narrative style;
11. Use of Contrast
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Six Classifications of Anglo-Saxon Literature] Allegory | Extended metaphor on a literal and symbolic level
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Six Classifications of Anglo-Saxon Literature] Epic | Often deals with the values of the comitatus
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Six Classifications of Anglo-Saxon Literature] Saints' Lives (Hagiography) | An exemplum
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Six Classifications of Anglo-Saxon Literature] Biblical Paraphrase | [no answer from Napierkowski]
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Six Classifications of Anglo-Saxon Literature] Lyric | Emotional, subjective, deeply felt passions
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Six Classifications of Anglo-Saxon Literature] Elegy | reflections on serious topis
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| (Ideas and Lists) Four Manuscripts | Exeter Book;
Cotton Vitellius A XV;
Junius MS;
Vercelli Book
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| (Ideas and Lists) Five Schools of Criticism | Literalist;
Symbolist;
Allegoralist;
Oral Formulaic;
Consolationist
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Beowulf Dates] 525 | Setting of action
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Beowulf Dates] 725 | composition of present form of poem
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Beowulf Dates] 975 | poem copied into Cotton Vitellius A XV
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Two types of Epics] Primary | -composed early in the history of a people, usually while the culture is still dependent on oral tradition.
-hero usually represents the virtues that the people consider important
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Two types of Epics] Secondary | -arises later in the cultural development of a people
-conscious literary effort that expects its audience to have a literary knowledge
-often has a greater scope:
e.g. Aeneid. Virgil made comparable to Iliad and Odyssey
& Beowulf poet knew the Aeneid
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Tillyard's Five Criteria for Epic] 1: | High quality and high seriousness
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Tillyard's Five Criteria for Epic] 2: | Amplitude, breadth, inclusiveness
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Tillyard's Five Criteria for Epic] 3: | Focus on the norm or normal
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Tillyard's Five Criteria for Epic] 4: | Displays "control" of structrual, thematic, and technical elements of the work
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Tillyard's Five Criteria for Epic] 5: | Choric - expresses feelings of what it was like to live at that time; author speaks on behalf of a large group of people.
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| (Ideas and Lists) Four levels of contrast in Beowulf | Structural;
Thematic;
Allusion;
Technical;
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Three Tests for Oral Composition] 1: | Characterized by predominance of formulaic expressions
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Three Tests for Oral Composition] 2: | Presence of unperiodic enjambement
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| (Ideas and Lists) [Three Tests for Oral Composition] 3: | Employment of traditional themes
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| (Ideas and Lists) Four Main Categories of Anglo-Saxon Poetry | Elegies;
Heroic;
Caedmonian;
Cynewulfian;
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| (Ideas and Lists) Levels of Biblical Exegesis | -Literal;
-Typological (prefiguration of New Testament events in the Old Testament);
-Tropological (symbolic);
-Anagogical (apocalyptical)
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| (Ideas and Lists) Four Signed Cynewulfian Poems | "Juliana";
"Elena";
"Fates of the Apostles";
"Christ II"
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| (Ideas and Lists) Characteristics of Cynewulf's Poems | Contrasts of light and dark imagery;
Runic Signatures;
Request for prayers;
Concern with exegetical question
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| (Definitions) Poem | A composition characterized by the presence of imagination, emotion, truth (significant meaning), sense impressions, and concrete language; expressed rhythmically and with an orderly arrangement of parts and possessing within itself a unity:
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| (Definitions) Poem [Cont.] | the whole written with the dominant purpose of giving aesthetic, intellectual, and/or emotional pleasure.
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