Olfaction, taste, visual system, hearing and balance - Seeley Ch 15
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| Why is the olfactory epithelium unique? | Neurons are replaced as they wear down.
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| The only major sense that does not go through thalamus | Olfactory Cortex
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| List the four types of papillae | Vallate, fungiform, foliate, and filiform
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| supporting cells surrounding taste (gustatory) cells that are replaced every 10 days | taste bud
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| List three factors that modify taste | Texture, temperature and olfaction
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| space between eyelids | Palpebral fissure
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| lateral and medial, eyelids meet | Canthi
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| produces tears to moisten, lubricate, wash. Tears pass through ducts and then over eye | Lacrimal gland
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| collect excess tears through openings called puncta | Lacrimal canaliculi
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| white outer layer of eye that maintains shape, protects internal structures, provides muscle attachment point, continuous with cornea | Sclera
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| Layer of stratified squamous epithelium on the outer surface of the eye. | Cornea
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| colored part of the eye, controls light entering the pupil | Iris
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| produces aqueous humor that fills anterior chamber | Ciliary body
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| Parasympathetic muscle that reduces the amount of light entering the eye | Sphincter pupillae
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| Sympathetic muscle that increase the amount of light entering the eye | Dilator pupillae
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| Pigment of this layer and choroid help to separate sensory cells and reduce light scattering. | Pigmented Retina
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| inner layer of rod and cone cells sensitive to light | Sensory Retina
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| area of greatest visual acuity in retina; photoreceptor cells tightly packed | Fovea
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| Small yellow spot on retina | macula lutea
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| Blind spot where blood vessels enter the eye | Optic disc
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| abnormal increase in intraocular pressure | Glaucoma
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| Posterior compartment: posterior to lens. Filled with jelly-like _________________. | vitreous humor
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| Aqueous humore is roduced by ____________ and returned to venous circulation through the _____________. | ciliary process and canal of Schlemm
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| The lens is held by _____________ attached to ciliary muscles. | suspensory ligaments
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| The lens changes shape as ___________ contract and relax. | ciliary muscles
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| portion of electromagnetic spectrum detected by human eye | visible light
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| bending of light | refraction
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| light striking a convex surface | Convergence
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| point where light rays converge and cross | Focal point
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| causing light to converge | Focusing
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| Normal resting condition of lens. Ciliary muscle is relaxed. Lens is flat. | Emmetropia
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| Point at which lens does not have to thicken to focus. 20 feet or more from eye. | Far point of vision
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| As objects move close to the eye, eyes are rotated medially. | Convergence
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| List the three layers of the sensory retina | Photoreceptor, bipolar, and ganglionic
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| Produces black and white vision | Rods
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| Name the two components of rhodopsin | Opsin and Retinal
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| Responsible for color vision and visual acuity. | Cones
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| Visual pigment is ___________, there are three types that respond to blue, red and green light | iodopsin
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| elastic cartilage covered with skin of the external ear | Auricle or Pinna
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| The external ear canal is also called the _____________. | External auditory meatus
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| Thin membrane of two layers of epithelium with connective tissue between. Sound waves cause it to vibrate. Border between external and middle ear. | Tympanic membrane
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| Ear Wax | Cerumen
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| that opens into pharynx, equalizes pressure in middle ear | Auditory or eustachian tube
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| Ossicles that transmit vibrations from eardrum to oval window | Malleus, incus, and stapes
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| connection between middle and inner ear | Oval Window
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| Foot of the stapes rests on the oval window and is held in place by the ______________. | annular ligament
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| Fluid in the membranous labyrinth | Endolymph
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| Fluid in the space between membranous labyrinth and periosteum of bony labyrinth | Perilymph
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| Scala vestibuli extends from the oval window to the _____________ at the cochlear apex | helicotrema
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| Wall of scala vestibuli is the _____________. | vestibular membrane
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| Wall of scala tympani is the _______________. | basilar membrane
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| space between vestibular and basilar membranes, filled with endolymph | Cochlear duct
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| Near oval window basilar membrane responds to ________-frequency vibrations, Near helicotrema responds to ________-frequency vibrations | High, low
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| Their flux causes transduction of sound | stereocilia
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| sensory cells with hair-like projections at the apical ends | Hair Cells
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| Vibrations of the __________ in the scala vestibuli and of the endolymph in the _________________ are transferred to the perilymph of the scala ___________. | perilymph, cochlear duct, tympani
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| A reflex that protects hearing by contracting muscles during loud noises, controlled by cranial nerves V and VII. | Attenuation reflex
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| Evaluates position of head relative to gravity | Static Labyrinth (Vestibule)
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| Evaluates rate of movement of the head in three dimensional space | Kinetic labyrinth: semicircular canals
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| Name the three semicircular canals filled with endolymph | transverse plane, coronal plane, sagittal plane
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| The ________ is suspended over crista hair cells. Acts as a float displaced by fluid movements within semicircular canals. | Cupula
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