Ancient Rome Part 1
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| Where is Rome located? | Italy
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| What does Italy look like? | A boot
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| In what ways is Italy similar to Greece? | Not much of Italy is flat; Crossing from one side of the peninsula to the other is difficult because of the rugged land; Not a lot of farmland
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| Where did people build cities in Italy? | Along rivers
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| What is a republic? | A government in which people elect leaders to govern them
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| Explain how the early republic worked. | Romans elected officials to rule the city; Officials had many powers, but only stayed in power one year; System was designed to prevent one person from becoming too powerful
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| Was Rome a Democracy? Explain why or why not. | Rome was NOT a democracy; City's officials came from small group of wealthy and powerful men; these people held ALL power and other people had little to no say in government
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| Dictators | Rulers with absolute power
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| What was the purpose of dictators? | During times of crisis, or emergency, Romans chose dictators to lead the city; Dictators only held power for 6 months
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| Plebeians | Common people (peasants, craftspeople, traders, other workers); wanted more say in how government was run
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| Patricians | Nobles; Only people allowed to be elected to government; held all political power
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| In 494 B.C., the Plebeians formed their own council and elected their own officials. Why is this important? | 1. Patricians feared Rome would fall apart if the two groups couldn't cooperate
2. Patricians decided to change the government
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| What was a major change made to the Roman government? | Patricians create offices that can only be held by plebeians; these offices protected the rights of plebeians
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| What is a tripartite? | A government with 3 parts; each part has its own powers and responsibilities
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| What were the Magistrates? | Elected officials; each was elected for one year and each had its own duties and powers
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| What are consuls? | The two most powerful magistrates; elected each year to run the city and lead the army; only two, because one could become too powerful
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| What were some of the other jobs of the magistrates? | Judges; managed the cities finances; organized games and festivals
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| What was the Roman Senate? | Council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised the city's leaders
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| Describe how the Roman Senate functioned. | Senators held office for life; Senate had approximately 300 members; most were patricians; wealthy plebeians became senators over time; Senate gained control of city's finances, which allowed them to become very powerful
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| What were the Assemblies? | Made of plebeians and patricians; primary job was to elect the magistrates
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| What were the Tribunes? | Group of elected officials by the plebeians; had the ability to veto; veto power makes tribunes very powerful; only held office for one year
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| What are checks and balances? | Method for balancing power; kept one part of a government from becoming stronger or more influential than the others
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| What was an example of checks and balances in the Roman government? | Laws proposed by the Senate had to be approved by magistrates and ratified by assemblies
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| Veto | Prohibit
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| What does veto mean in Latin? | I forbid
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