Respiratory System Histology
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| show | Conducting and Respiratory portion
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| show | Provides passage of air-No gas exchange
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| show | Where Gas exchange takes place
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| show | 1) Nose
2) Nasopharyngeal Cavitiy
3) Larynx
4) Trachea
5) Bronchi (Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary)
6) Terminal Bronchioles
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| Major function of the conducting portion | show 🗑
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| show | Cleansed, moistened, and warm
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| show | Specialized respiratory epithelium
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| The lamina propria contains: | show 🗑
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| Which parts of Respiratory System make up the Respiratory portion? | show 🗑
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| show | *They are the main sites for the exchange of O2 and CO2 between inspired air and the blood
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| show | Passive Diffusion
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| show | 45 and 40 mmHg, respectively
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| In the alveoli, the partial pressures of these gases, CO2 and O2, are | show 🗑
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| show | It causes O2 to be taken up by the RBCs and CO2 to be released due to difference in pressure
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| After the net diffusion of oxygen, what is the partial pressure of oxygen in the venous end? | show 🗑
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| show | 7%
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| What percentage of CO2 combines with hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin? | show 🗑
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| Most CO2 is converted to protons by what? | show 🗑
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| show | The protons combine with hemoglobin, reversibly
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| Generally, the respiratory epithelium is? | show 🗑
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| What 5 types of cells are contained on the pseudostratified columnar epthelium? | show 🗑
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| What do these 5 cell types have in common? | show 🗑
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| show | Ciliated columnar cells
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| show | Basal bodies (where the cilia are inserted in the apical part)
Apical Mitochondria (which supply ATP for ciliary beating)
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| Which protein participates in the ciliary movement? | show 🗑
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| What substance prevents the formation of Dynein and leads to improper movement of cilia? | show 🗑
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| show | Kartagner syndrome
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| This syndrome is caused by: | show 🗑
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| What are the clinical consequences of Kartagner syndrome? | show 🗑
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| show | Cells with apical mucous droplets, which are composed of glycoproteins and polysaccharides
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| Describe the appearance of Brush cells? | show 🗑
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| show | Cells of the DNES which regulate local excretions or secretion of mucous and serous glands in the respiratory tract.They are also called Kulchitsky cells.
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| Basal cells are: | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Supportive layer
4) Adventitia
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| What layers make up the Mucosa? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the Submucosa? | show 🗑
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| The Supportive layer consists of: | show 🗑
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| Adventitia consists of: | show 🗑
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| The Nasal cavity is divided into 3 layers. What are they? | show 🗑
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| What is the anatomical position of the vestibule in the nasal cavity? | show 🗑
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| show | The vestibule is lined by skin
Contains Sebaceous and sweat glands
Thick short hairs called vibrissae
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| show | Traps and filters out large particles from inspired air
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| show | Its epithelium loses its keratinized nature and undergoes a transition into typical respiratory epithelium before entering the nasal fossa
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| What type of cells cover the respiratory area of the nasal cavity? | show 🗑
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| show | Is rich with blood vessels and seromucous glands
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| What is the anatomical position of the Olfactory in the nasal cavity? | show 🗑
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| What are the constituents of the olfactory mucosa? | show 🗑
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| show | Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium
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| show | 1) Supporting (sustinacular) columnar cells
2) Basal cells
3) Olfactory cells
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| show | Have broad apexes, narrow bases, microvilli submerged in fluid, and a light yellow pigment
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| Basal cells | show 🗑
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| Olfactory cells | show 🗑
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| show | Lamina Propria, or Corium
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| What are the nasal sinuses? | show 🗑
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| show | Lined with thinner respiratory epithelium, contain few goblet cells, few glands in the lamina propria and are continuous with the underlying periosteum
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| show | C6 to T4 (the bifurcation point)
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| Which structures are extra pulmonary? | show 🗑
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| How many secondary bronchi do we have? | show 🗑
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| show | Segmental (tertiary) bronchi
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| What size is a tertiary bronchus? | show 🗑
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| Each bronchiole enters a ____ | show 🗑
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| show | 5-7
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| What size is a terminal bronchiole? | show 🗑
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| show | Clara cells (no cilia) and neuropethilial bodies
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| The trachea is made up of: | show 🗑
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| show | A Fibroelastic ligament and bundle of smooth muscle (trachealis) which binds to the perichondrium and closes the rings POSTERIORLY. Some longitudinal muscles may be found behind the trachealis.
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| Trachea contains the same 5 types of cells in the mucosa as: | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the fibroelastic ligament in the trachea? | show 🗑
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| show | Regulation of the lumen -- Cough reflex
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| show | 1) Extrapulmonary bronchi (Primary)
2) Intrapulmonary bronchi (Secondary and tertiary)
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| The extrapulmonary bronchus | show 🗑
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| The intrapulmonary bronchus | show 🗑
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| What are the differences between the Trachea and bronchi? | show 🗑
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| What is the purpose of this smooth muscle layer in the bronchi? | show 🗑
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| What are 3 more differences between the trachea and bronchi? | show 🗑
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| Extra pulmonary bronchi are made up of: | show 🗑
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| Intra pulmonary bronchi are made up of: | show 🗑
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| show | Ciliated columnar to ciliated cuboidal
Goblet cells decrease and clara cells appear
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| What is characteristic about the smooth muscle in bronchioles? | show 🗑
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| show | Seromucous glands and cartilage
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| show | Cuboidal epithelium with some cilia
Clara cells/no goblet cells
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| Describe the structure of respiratory bronchioles | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Clara cells
2) Neuroepithelial bodies
3) Chemoreceptors
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| Clara cells: | show 🗑
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| show | contain secretory granules and recieve cholinergic nerve endings
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| show | react to changes in gas composition within the airway
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| show | Longitudinal elastic fibers are present in all
the segments of the bronchial system (in the
L.propria)
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| The smaller the bronchioles: | show 🗑
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| show | Hyaline cartilage
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| Why are lungs made up of elastic tissue? | show 🗑
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| How do you treat a patient who has no respiration? | show 🗑
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| Obstruction of the respiratory pathway is resolved with: | show 🗑
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| show | Making an incision in the suprasternal notch on the anterior aspect of the neck and opening a direct airway
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| show | A network of capillaries
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| show | Bronchopulmonary segments
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| What is the sequence of the types of epithelium while you go down the respiratory tract? | show 🗑
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| What other function does the nose have? | show 🗑
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| show | Sense of smell
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| The wall of the alveolus is composed of what type of cells? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of sufactant? | show 🗑
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| If type 2 alveolar cells are deficient in an infant, this causes: | show 🗑
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