Respiratory System Histology
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| Two Major portions of the Respiratory System | show 🗑
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| show | Provides passage of air-No gas exchange
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| show | Where Gas exchange takes place
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| Which Parts of the Respiratory System make up the Conducting portion? | show 🗑
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| show | To condition inspired air
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| Before it enters the lung, inspired air is: | show 🗑
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| show | Specialized respiratory epithelium
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| The lamina propria contains: | show 🗑
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| Which parts of Respiratory System make up the Respiratory portion? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the Alveoli? | show 🗑
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| show | Passive Diffusion
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| show | 45 and 40 mmHg, respectively
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| In the alveoli, the partial pressures of these gases, CO2 and O2, are | show 🗑
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| show | It causes O2 to be taken up by the RBCs and CO2 to be released due to difference in pressure
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| show | 95 mmHg
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| show | 7%
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| show | 23%
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| Most CO2 is converted to protons by what? | show 🗑
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| After conversion into protons, what happens? | show 🗑
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| show | Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
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| What 5 types of cells are contained on the pseudostratified columnar epthelium? | show 🗑
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| What do these 5 cell types have in common? | show 🗑
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| What is the most abundant cell type? | show 🗑
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| What are the main components of this cell type? | show 🗑
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| Which protein participates in the ciliary movement? | show 🗑
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| What substance prevents the formation of Dynein and leads to improper movement of cilia? | show 🗑
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| Immotile cilia syndrome is also known as: | show 🗑
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| This syndrome is caused by: | show 🗑
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| What are the clinical consequences of Kartagner syndrome? | show 🗑
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| What are mucous goblet cells? | show 🗑
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| show | Numerous microvilli on their apical surface
Sensory receptors (afferent nerve endings on their basal surfaces)
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| show | Cells of the DNES which regulate local excretions or secretion of mucous and serous glands in the respiratory tract.They are also called Kulchitsky cells.
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| Basal cells are: | show 🗑
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| What are the layers of the respiratory tube? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Epithelium
2) Lamina Propria
3) Muscularis mucosa (smooth muscle)
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| show | It houses mucous and seromucous glands
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| The Supportive layer consists of: | show 🗑
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| Adventitia consists of: | show 🗑
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| The Nasal cavity is divided into 3 layers. What are they? | show 🗑
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| What is the anatomical position of the vestibule in the nasal cavity? | show 🗑
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| Describe the vestibule and its components | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the vestibule? | show 🗑
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| What is characteristic about the vestibule? | show 🗑
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| What type of cells cover the respiratory area of the nasal cavity? | show 🗑
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| show | Is rich with blood vessels and seromucous glands
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| show | Present in the roof and upper parts of the nasal cavity
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| What are the constituents of the olfactory mucosa? | show 🗑
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| show | Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium
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| show | 1) Supporting (sustinacular) columnar cells
2) Basal cells
3) Olfactory cells
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| The Supporting columnar cells: | show 🗑
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| show | Are present as a single layer at the base of the epithelium and are spherical or cone shaped
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| show | Bipolar neurons with nuceli below those of the supporting cells
Nonmotile cilia rise from their apexes (dendrites)Respond to odorous substances by generating a receptor potential, Afferent axons unite in small bundles and synapse with the olfactory lobe
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| show | Lamina Propria, or Corium
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| show | 1) Frontal
2) Ethmoidal
3) Maxillary
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| Nasal sinuses | show 🗑
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| The trachea extends from the level of ____ to _____ | show 🗑
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| Which structures are extra pulmonary? | show 🗑
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| How many secondary bronchi do we have? | show 🗑
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| What comes after the secondary bronchi? | show 🗑
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| What size is a tertiary bronchus? | show 🗑
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| show | pulmonary lobule
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| show | 5-7
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| show | 0.5mm
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| What are the constituents of terminal bronchioles? | show 🗑
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| The trachea is made up of: | show 🗑
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| show | A Fibroelastic ligament and bundle of smooth muscle (trachealis) which binds to the perichondrium and closes the rings POSTERIORLY. Some longitudinal muscles may be found behind the trachealis.
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| Trachea contains the same 5 types of cells in the mucosa as: | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the fibroelastic ligament in the trachea? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of the muscle of the trachea (trachealis)? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Extrapulmonary bronchi (Primary)
2) Intrapulmonary bronchi (Secondary and tertiary)
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| show | Resembles the trachea
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| The intrapulmonary bronchus | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Narrower lumen in bronchi
2) Irregular bronchial cartilage plates
3) Smooth muscle layer consisting of spirally arranged bundles between the lamina proproa and submucosa
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| show | Its contraction leads to the folded appearance of the bronchial mucosa
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| What are 3 more differences between the trachea and bronchi? | show 🗑
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| Extra pulmonary bronchi are made up of: | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Pseudostatified ciliated columnar changing into ciliated simple columnar in smaller branches
2) Interlacing spiral of smooth muscle below the lamina propria
3) Decreasing seromucous glands
4) Gradually disappearing plates of cartilage
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| show | Ciliated columnar to ciliated cuboidal
Goblet cells decrease and clara cells appear
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| What is characteristic about the smooth muscle in bronchioles? | show 🗑
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| show | Seromucous glands and cartilage
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| show | Cuboidal epithelium with some cilia
Clara cells/no goblet cells
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| show | Thin supporting wall of connective tissue
Incomplete layer of smooth muscle
Outpocketing of alveoli increasing at lower levels
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| show | 1) Clara cells
2) Neuroepithelial bodies
3) Chemoreceptors
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| Clara cells: | show 🗑
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| show | contain secretory granules and recieve cholinergic nerve endings
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| show | react to changes in gas composition within the airway
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| show | Longitudinal elastic fibers are present in all
the segments of the bronchial system (in the
L.propria)
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| The smaller the bronchioles: | show 🗑
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| show | Hyaline cartilage
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| Why are lungs made up of elastic tissue? | show 🗑
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| show | An endotracheal tube to open the air passage
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| Obstruction of the respiratory pathway is resolved with: | show 🗑
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| show | Making an incision in the suprasternal notch on the anterior aspect of the neck and opening a direct airway
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| Each alveoli is surrounded by: | show 🗑
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| show | Bronchopulmonary segments
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| show | Pseudostratified ciliated columnar --> Simple columnar ciliated --> simple cuboidal ciliated --> clara cells --> simple squamous (alveoli)
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| show | The olfactory function
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| What is the olfactory function responsible for? | show 🗑
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| The wall of the alveolus is composed of what type of cells? | show 🗑
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| What is the function of sufactant? | show 🗑
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| show | Respiratory Distress syndrome
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