Stack #206652
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| Functions of joints | give skeleton mobility and hold skeleton together
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| Three classifications of joints | fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
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| Synarthroses joint | immovable
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| Amphiarthroses joint | slightly moveable
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| diarthroses joint | freely moving
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| Fibrous Structual Joints | bones joined by fibrous tissue, no joint cavity, most are immoveable
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| Three types of fibrous structual joints | sutures, syndemoses and gemphoses
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| Sutures | 6 bones of the skull, bind bones tightly together but allows for growth in youth
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| Syndesmoses | connected by fibrous tissues, movement varies from immovable to slight variable,
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| Cartilaginous joints | articulating bones are united by cartilage, lack of joint cavity
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| 2 types of cartilaginous joints | synchondrosis and symphyses
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| Synchondrosis | bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites bone,
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| Symphyses | hyaline cartilage covers the articular surface of the bone and is fused to an intervening pad of fibrocartilage, designed for strength and flexibility
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| Synovial Joints | articulating bones are seperated by a fluid containing joint cavity, freely moving diarthroses
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| Synovial joints have | articular cartilage,joint cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid and reinforcing ligaments
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| Bursae | flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and containing synovial fluid
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| Tendon sheath | elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon
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| Nonaxial ROM | slipping movements only
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| Uniaxial | movement in one plane
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| Biaxial | movement in two planes
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| multiaxial | movement in or around all three planes
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| Gliding Movements | one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface ex intercarpal or intertarsal bones
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| Hinge (Ginglymus) | one surface is concave, the other convex, move in one plane, elbow, knee or ankle
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| Ball and Socket | one surface rounded convex fitting into a cup like cavity, movement in all planes, shoulder and hip joint
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| Condyloid | one surface is oval convex, the other concave, movement in two planes without rotation, carpals
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| Saddle (sellar) | each surface concave in a direction, convex in the other thumb
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| Irregular joint | irregular shaped surface, carpal
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| pivot joint | one surface conical, other depressed, movement around a long axis, proximal radioulnarjoint and atlas and ulna
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| Muscles | smooth, skeletal and cardiac
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| skeletal muscles | has ability to stretch and shorten, connect tendons to bone, striated
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| Fusiform muscles | formed by long parallel fibers, typically involved in movement over a large ROM
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| Pennate muscles | consists of short diagonal fibers, involved in movements that require great strength over a limited ROM
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| Endomysium | around single muscle fiber
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| Perimysium | around a fasicicle (bundle) of fibers
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| Epimysium | covers the entire skeletal muscle
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| fascia | on the outside of the epimysium
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| sites of muscle attachments | bones, cartilages and connective tissue coverings
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| sarcolemma | specialized plasma membrane
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| sarcroplasmic reticulum | specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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| myofibril | bundles of myofilaments, alligned to give distinct bonds..
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| 1 band | light band
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| A band | dark band
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| sarcomere | contractile unit of a muscle fiber composed of protein myosin has enzyme ATPase
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| motor unit | one neuron muscle cells stimulated by that neuron
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| neuromuscular junction | association site of nerve and muscle
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| synaptic cleft | gap between nerve and muscle
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| neurotransmitter | chemical released by nerve upon arrival or nerve impulse
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| Two divisions of the nervous system | central nerves and peripheral nerves
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| Central nerves | the brain and spinal cord, the center of intergration
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| Peripheral nerves | the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord consists of 31 spinal nerves
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| The neuron | function and structural unit of the nervous system, specialized to conduct info one part of the body to another
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| true ankle joint | tibia fibula and talus
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| talocrural joint | synovial hinge joint with 2 motions dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
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| Anterior Talofibular Ligament | limits anterior translation of talus or tibia, resists inversion when foot is in plantar flexion
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| calcaneofibular ligament | resists inversion
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| posterior talofibular | limits posterior translation of talus and tibia
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| deltoid ligament | works to prevent eversion of ankle
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| syndesmosis joint | helps maintain joint stability injury may widen the ankle mortise
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| anterior compartment | tibialis, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius, deep peroneal nerve, anterior tibial artery
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| lateral compartment | peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, superficial peroneal nerve, peroneal artery
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| posterior compartment superficial compartment | gastrochnemius, soleus, plantaris and tibial nerve
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| deep posterior compartment | tabialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus
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| Joints are... | The weakest part of the skeletion. is the articulation site where two or more bones meet
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Calligurl08
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