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Arthrology and Neuro
Stack #206652
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of joints | give skeleton mobility and hold skeleton together |
| Three classifications of joints | fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial |
| Synarthroses joint | immovable |
| Amphiarthroses joint | slightly moveable |
| diarthroses joint | freely moving |
| Fibrous Structual Joints | bones joined by fibrous tissue, no joint cavity, most are immoveable |
| Three types of fibrous structual joints | sutures, syndemoses and gemphoses |
| Sutures | 6 bones of the skull, bind bones tightly together but allows for growth in youth |
| Syndesmoses | connected by fibrous tissues, movement varies from immovable to slight variable, |
| Cartilaginous joints | articulating bones are united by cartilage, lack of joint cavity |
| 2 types of cartilaginous joints | synchondrosis and symphyses |
| Synchondrosis | bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites bone, |
| Symphyses | hyaline cartilage covers the articular surface of the bone and is fused to an intervening pad of fibrocartilage, designed for strength and flexibility |
| Synovial Joints | articulating bones are seperated by a fluid containing joint cavity, freely moving diarthroses |
| Synovial joints have | articular cartilage,joint cavity, articular capsule, synovial fluid and reinforcing ligaments |
| Bursae | flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and containing synovial fluid |
| Tendon sheath | elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon |
| Nonaxial ROM | slipping movements only |
| Uniaxial | movement in one plane |
| Biaxial | movement in two planes |
| multiaxial | movement in or around all three planes |
| Gliding Movements | one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface ex intercarpal or intertarsal bones |
| Hinge (Ginglymus) | one surface is concave, the other convex, move in one plane, elbow, knee or ankle |
| Ball and Socket | one surface rounded convex fitting into a cup like cavity, movement in all planes, shoulder and hip joint |
| Condyloid | one surface is oval convex, the other concave, movement in two planes without rotation, carpals |
| Saddle (sellar) | each surface concave in a direction, convex in the other thumb |
| Irregular joint | irregular shaped surface, carpal |
| pivot joint | one surface conical, other depressed, movement around a long axis, proximal radioulnarjoint and atlas and ulna |
| Muscles | smooth, skeletal and cardiac |
| skeletal muscles | has ability to stretch and shorten, connect tendons to bone, striated |
| Fusiform muscles | formed by long parallel fibers, typically involved in movement over a large ROM |
| Pennate muscles | consists of short diagonal fibers, involved in movements that require great strength over a limited ROM |
| Endomysium | around single muscle fiber |
| Perimysium | around a fasicicle (bundle) of fibers |
| Epimysium | covers the entire skeletal muscle |
| fascia | on the outside of the epimysium |
| sites of muscle attachments | bones, cartilages and connective tissue coverings |
| sarcolemma | specialized plasma membrane |
| sarcroplasmic reticulum | specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| myofibril | bundles of myofilaments, alligned to give distinct bonds.. |
| 1 band | light band |
| A band | dark band |
| sarcomere | contractile unit of a muscle fiber composed of protein myosin has enzyme ATPase |
| motor unit | one neuron muscle cells stimulated by that neuron |
| neuromuscular junction | association site of nerve and muscle |
| synaptic cleft | gap between nerve and muscle |
| neurotransmitter | chemical released by nerve upon arrival or nerve impulse |
| Two divisions of the nervous system | central nerves and peripheral nerves |
| Central nerves | the brain and spinal cord, the center of intergration |
| Peripheral nerves | the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord consists of 31 spinal nerves |
| The neuron | function and structural unit of the nervous system, specialized to conduct info one part of the body to another |
| true ankle joint | tibia fibula and talus |
| talocrural joint | synovial hinge joint with 2 motions dorsiflexion and plantar flexion |
| Anterior Talofibular Ligament | limits anterior translation of talus or tibia, resists inversion when foot is in plantar flexion |
| calcaneofibular ligament | resists inversion |
| posterior talofibular | limits posterior translation of talus and tibia |
| deltoid ligament | works to prevent eversion of ankle |
| syndesmosis joint | helps maintain joint stability injury may widen the ankle mortise |
| anterior compartment | tibialis, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius, deep peroneal nerve, anterior tibial artery |
| lateral compartment | peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, superficial peroneal nerve, peroneal artery |
| posterior compartment superficial compartment | gastrochnemius, soleus, plantaris and tibial nerve |
| deep posterior compartment | tabialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus |
| Joints are... | The weakest part of the skeletion. is the articulation site where two or more bones meet |
Created by:
Calligurl08
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