Medical Health Professionals Program
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| What is the larges organ in both SA and weight? | The skin
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| The adult skin covers_m2 | 2
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| Epidermis | the outer thinner portion of the skin
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| What is the dermis | Inner, thicker, CT part of the skin where the epidermis is attached to
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| What's the hypodermis? | Beneath the dermis is the subcutaneous layer called the hypodermis that attaches the skin to underlying stucture
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| what are the 6 functions of the skin | -Regulation of body temp
-protection
-sensation
-excretion
-immunity
-synthesis of vitamin D
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| Regulation of body temp | the evaporation of sweat from the skin surface helps to lower body temperature. Changes in blood flow to skin also help regulate temp.
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| protection from 4 pts | the skin covers the body and provides a physical barrier that protects underlying tissues fr. physical abrasion, bacterial invasion,dehydration, and UV radiation. Hair and nails have protective functions as well.
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| sensation | skin contains abundant nerve endings and receptors that detect stimuli related to temp, touch, pressure and pain.
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| immunity | certain cells of the epidermis is important components of the immune system
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| synthesis of vitamin D | exposure to skin to UV rays helps with the production of Vitamin D, a substance that aids in the absorption of calcium and phosphorous from the digestive system into the blood.
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| What is the epidermis composed of? 1 | keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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| what is the most common cell in the epidermis? | keritinocyte
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| what do keritinocytes undergo? Explain this process. | Keritinization. Cells form at the bottom layers and slowly are pushed up towards the surface. As they move up they accumulate keratin. At the same time, the cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles disappear and the cells die.
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| What is Keratin | a protein that helps protect skin and underlying tissues
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| what happens to the dead cells on the surface of the skin? | the cells slough off and are replaced by underlying cells.
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| How long does the process of keritinization last for? | 2-4 weeks
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| Melanocyte are found in... | -are the second type of cell found in the epidermis.(can also be found in dermis)
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| melanocytes produce... what does it do | melanin: one of the pigments responsible for skin color and absorbing UV radiation
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| 3rd type of cell found in the epidermis: | langehan cell
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| Function of the langehan cell? what can damage it? | in immune response and can easily be damaged by UV radiation
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| Merkel Cell -location in the -function | -found in epidermis
-located in the deepest layer of the epidermis of hairless skin
-the sensation of touch
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| where is the exposure to friction greatest? | palms and soles of feet
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| what happens to the epidermis on your palms and soles of feet | it is thicker: 1-2mm and 5 layers are recognizeable
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| The dermis is composed of: -- containing 2 providing skin its 3 | CT containing collagen and elastic fibres providing skin its strength, extensibility, and elasticity
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| cells in the dermis include 3 | fibroblasts(lay down collagen and elastic fibres)
macrophages (immune system cells)
adipocytes(fat cells)
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| the upper region of the dermis consists of 1 | areolar CT
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| The upper region of the dermis SA is greatly increased by | finger like projections called dermal papillae
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| Dermal papillae cause | ridges in the epidermis and which produce finger prints and help us grip objects
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| what are meissner's corpuscles | dermal papillae or nerve receptors sensitive to light touch
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| the lower region of the dermis consists of 7 | dense, irregular CT, adipose tissue, hair follicles, nerves, oil glands, and sweat glands
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| the subcutaneous layer consists of 2 | nerve endings sensitive to pressure called pacian corpuscles and blood vessels
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| cold and warm receptors are found in | the middle and upper dermis
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| skin colour is due to a combo of... 3 | melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin
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| The amount of melanin in the skin varies | the skin colour from pale yellow to black
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| Albinism | the inability to produce melanin
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| freckles are | patches of melanin in the skin
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| Exposure to UV radiation increases the amount and darkness of | the melanin
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| over exposure to __ __ can lead to __ __ | UV Radiation, Skin Cancer
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| Erythema is... what is it caused by? | the redness of the skin
-engorgement of capilaries in the dermis with blood
-exersize, injury, infection, inflamation, even embarrassment
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| Excretion | small amounts of water, salts, and organic compounds are excreted by sweat glands
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