Nervous System
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| central nervous system | includes brain & spinal cord; functions include: command center, interpret incoming sensory info, & issue outgoing instructions
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| peripheral nervous system | spinal nerves carry impulses to & from the spinal cord & cranial nerves to carry impulses to & from the brain; functions: serve as communication lines among sensory organs, the brain, & glands or muscles
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| sensory (afferent) division | consists of nerve fibers that carry info to the cns from sensory receptors located around the body; includes somatic sensory fibers & visceral sensory fibers
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| motor (efferent) division | carries impulses from the cns to organs, muscles and glands; impulses activate muscles & glands, that is they cause a response
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| sense organs | skin, skeletal muscles, joints, & organs
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| somatic division | voluntarily controlled like skeletal muscles
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| autonomic division | involuntarily controlled like the heart muscle
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| parasympathetic division | referred to as the "resting & digesting" system; allows the body to unwind & conserve energy
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| sympathetic division | referred to as the "fight or flight" system; mobilizes the body during extreme situations such as excitement, exercise, & fear
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| astrocyte | abundant star shaped; numerous projections have swollen ends that cling to neurons; form living barrier between capillaries & neurons; help determine capillary permeability; control chemical environment of brain; found in cns
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| microglial cell | spider-like phagocyte; monitor health of neurons; dispose of debris like dead brain cells & bacteria; found in cns
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| ependymal cells | lines cavity of brain & spinal cord; beating cilia helps circulate cerebrospinal fluid; found in cns
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| oligodendrocytes | wrap their flat extensions tightly around nerve fibers; produces fatty insulating coverings called myelin sheaths; found in cns
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| satellite cells | act as protective, cushioning cells; found in pns
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| schwann cells | form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers; found in pns
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| nucleus | control center of the cell body of the neuron
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| mitochondrion | energy providing organelle in the cell body of the neuron
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| dendrite | neuron processes that convey incoming messages toward cell body
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| cell body | part of neuron that contains organelles surrounded by cytoplasm
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| nissl substance | rough ER found in the cell body of a neuron
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| axon hillock | cone like region of a neuron where axon arises
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| neurofibrils | part of the schwann cell that is external to the myelin sheath; "neuron husk"
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| axon | neuron presses that carry messages away from the cell body
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| collateral branch | occasional protrusion along an axon
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| node of ranvier | gaps formed from individual schwann cells forming myelin sheaths along the axon
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| axon terminal | end of axon that forms many extensions that contain time vesicles that contain neurotransmitters
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Created by:
kajones97
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