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Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| central nervous system | includes brain & spinal cord; functions include: command center, interpret incoming sensory info, & issue outgoing instructions |
| peripheral nervous system | spinal nerves carry impulses to & from the spinal cord & cranial nerves to carry impulses to & from the brain; functions: serve as communication lines among sensory organs, the brain, & glands or muscles |
| sensory (afferent) division | consists of nerve fibers that carry info to the cns from sensory receptors located around the body; includes somatic sensory fibers & visceral sensory fibers |
| motor (efferent) division | carries impulses from the cns to organs, muscles and glands; impulses activate muscles & glands, that is they cause a response |
| sense organs | skin, skeletal muscles, joints, & organs |
| somatic division | voluntarily controlled like skeletal muscles |
| autonomic division | involuntarily controlled like the heart muscle |
| parasympathetic division | referred to as the "resting & digesting" system; allows the body to unwind & conserve energy |
| sympathetic division | referred to as the "fight or flight" system; mobilizes the body during extreme situations such as excitement, exercise, & fear |
| astrocyte | abundant star shaped; numerous projections have swollen ends that cling to neurons; form living barrier between capillaries & neurons; help determine capillary permeability; control chemical environment of brain; found in cns |
| microglial cell | spider-like phagocyte; monitor health of neurons; dispose of debris like dead brain cells & bacteria; found in cns |
| ependymal cells | lines cavity of brain & spinal cord; beating cilia helps circulate cerebrospinal fluid; found in cns |
| oligodendrocytes | wrap their flat extensions tightly around nerve fibers; produces fatty insulating coverings called myelin sheaths; found in cns |
| satellite cells | act as protective, cushioning cells; found in pns |
| schwann cells | form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers; found in pns |
| nucleus | control center of the cell body of the neuron |
| mitochondrion | energy providing organelle in the cell body of the neuron |
| dendrite | neuron processes that convey incoming messages toward cell body |
| cell body | part of neuron that contains organelles surrounded by cytoplasm |
| nissl substance | rough ER found in the cell body of a neuron |
| axon hillock | cone like region of a neuron where axon arises |
| neurofibrils | part of the schwann cell that is external to the myelin sheath; "neuron husk" |
| axon | neuron presses that carry messages away from the cell body |
| collateral branch | occasional protrusion along an axon |
| node of ranvier | gaps formed from individual schwann cells forming myelin sheaths along the axon |
| axon terminal | end of axon that forms many extensions that contain time vesicles that contain neurotransmitters |
Created by:
kajones97
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