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| What surrounds the individual muscle cell? | Endomysium
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| Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of: | Fat
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| Schwann cells are functionally similar to: | Oligodendrocytes
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| The periosteum is secured to underlying bone by dense connective tissue called: | Perforating (sharpey's) fibers
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| The role of Acetylcholinesterase is to: | Destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axonal endings.
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| The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the halversian canal) is the site of: | Blood vessels and nerve fibers
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| This discomfort is caused by stretching the ligaments that attach your liver to your diaphragm: | Side stitch
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| The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is: | Hyaline
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| During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites? | actin filaments
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| A sarcomere is: | The area between 2 Z-Discs
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| An elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is: | Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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| What is a good location for blood-forming tissue? | the sternum (breastbone)
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| Dietary supplements glucoseamine and/or chondroitin sulfate fare no better than______ in slowing structural damage of knee osteoarthritis. | Placebo
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| What does the synaptic cleft do? | prevents OR allows for an impulse to be transmitted directly from one neuron to another.
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| What is rickets? | disease of children where osteoid is produced but calcium salts are not.
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| What describes interstitial growth? | Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing cartilage to grow from within.
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| Factors in preventing or delaying osteoporosis include: | Physical activity, Vitamin D, Magnesium, calcium and full spectrum of light
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| Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. the inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of: | Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts
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| What is the universal loss of mass seen in skeleton,which begins around age 40? | reflects incomplete osteon formation and mineralization
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| Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. Appositional growth is____: | The secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage.
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| What are thick filaments composed of? | Myosin
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| What do Ependymal cells do? | Help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid.
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| What are some functions of the skeletal system? | production of blood cells (hematopoiesis), support, and storage of minerals.
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| What is a sign of muscle fatigue? | When a muscle is in a state of physiological inability to contract.
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| What is the structural unit of compact bone? | the osteon
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| The cell that is responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the____? | Osteoblast
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| Paget's disease is: | a disease of bone characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption
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| What transports calcium to the bones? | Magnesium
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| How does Creatine phosphate function in the muscle cell? | Storing energy for less than a minute or so that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP
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| Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? | Potassium
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| What does the term diploe refer to? | The internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones.
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| Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which cell accomplishes this process? | Osteoclast
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| In skeletal muscle contractions what does calcium do? | Removes the blocking action of tropomyosin.
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| What is Osteomalacia? | "soft bones"- a number of disorders in adults where the bone is not mineralized.
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| A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the____? | Diaphysis
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| What is the framework that makes up spongy bone called? | Trabeculae
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| What is Trabeculae filled with? | Red or Yellow bone marrow.
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| What can repair homeostatic imbalances? | Vitamin D
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| What causes medial tibial stress syndrome (shin splints)? what can prevent it? | Causes: certain types of exercise (running stairs), excercise shoes you wear.
Prevention: Arch support in shoes, heel stride when jogging, motion mechanics (shoe is worn out). (can also cause achillies tendonitis)
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| An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts that is common in children is called ____: | Greenstick
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| What is the type of bone break that the bone fragments into many pieces? | Comminuted
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| Whats the name of a common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force? | Spiral
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| What is the lining of the marrow cavity in bone? | Endosteum
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| What cells can dissolve the bony matrix? | Osteoclasts
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| What are the layers of bone matrix called? (weight bearing column like matrix tubes composed of mainly collagen) | Lamellae
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| What are the small channels that radiate through the matrix of the bone called? | Canaliculi
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| Whats the name of the cells that can build bony matrix? | Osteoblasts
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