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241 Exam 2
Previous quarter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What surrounds the individual muscle cell? | Endomysium |
| Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of: | Fat |
| Schwann cells are functionally similar to: | Oligodendrocytes |
| The periosteum is secured to underlying bone by dense connective tissue called: | Perforating (sharpey's) fibers |
| The role of Acetylcholinesterase is to: | Destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axonal endings. |
| The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the halversian canal) is the site of: | Blood vessels and nerve fibers |
| This discomfort is caused by stretching the ligaments that attach your liver to your diaphragm: | Side stitch |
| The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is: | Hyaline |
| During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites? | actin filaments |
| A sarcomere is: | The area between 2 Z-Discs |
| An elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is: | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| What is a good location for blood-forming tissue? | the sternum (breastbone) |
| Dietary supplements glucoseamine and/or chondroitin sulfate fare no better than______ in slowing structural damage of knee osteoarthritis. | Placebo |
| What does the synaptic cleft do? | prevents OR allows for an impulse to be transmitted directly from one neuron to another. |
| What is rickets? | disease of children where osteoid is produced but calcium salts are not. |
| What describes interstitial growth? | Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing cartilage to grow from within. |
| Factors in preventing or delaying osteoporosis include: | Physical activity, Vitamin D, Magnesium, calcium and full spectrum of light |
| Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. the inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of: | Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts |
| What is the universal loss of mass seen in skeleton,which begins around age 40? | reflects incomplete osteon formation and mineralization |
| Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. Appositional growth is____: | The secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage. |
| What are thick filaments composed of? | Myosin |
| What do Ependymal cells do? | Help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid. |
| What are some functions of the skeletal system? | production of blood cells (hematopoiesis), support, and storage of minerals. |
| What is a sign of muscle fatigue? | When a muscle is in a state of physiological inability to contract. |
| What is the structural unit of compact bone? | the osteon |
| The cell that is responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the____? | Osteoblast |
| Paget's disease is: | a disease of bone characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption |
| What transports calcium to the bones? | Magnesium |
| How does Creatine phosphate function in the muscle cell? | Storing energy for less than a minute or so that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP |
| Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? | Potassium |
| What does the term diploe refer to? | The internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones. |
| Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which cell accomplishes this process? | Osteoclast |
| In skeletal muscle contractions what does calcium do? | Removes the blocking action of tropomyosin. |
| What is Osteomalacia? | "soft bones"- a number of disorders in adults where the bone is not mineralized. |
| A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the____? | Diaphysis |
| What is the framework that makes up spongy bone called? | Trabeculae |
| What is Trabeculae filled with? | Red or Yellow bone marrow. |
| What can repair homeostatic imbalances? | Vitamin D |
| What causes medial tibial stress syndrome (shin splints)? what can prevent it? | Causes: certain types of exercise (running stairs), excercise shoes you wear. Prevention: Arch support in shoes, heel stride when jogging, motion mechanics (shoe is worn out). (can also cause achillies tendonitis) |
| An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts that is common in children is called ____: | Greenstick |
| What is the type of bone break that the bone fragments into many pieces? | Comminuted |
| Whats the name of a common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force? | Spiral |
| What is the lining of the marrow cavity in bone? | Endosteum |
| What cells can dissolve the bony matrix? | Osteoclasts |
| What are the layers of bone matrix called? (weight bearing column like matrix tubes composed of mainly collagen) | Lamellae |
| What are the small channels that radiate through the matrix of the bone called? | Canaliculi |
| Whats the name of the cells that can build bony matrix? | Osteoblasts |
Created by:
Chanellenae
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