A&P Chapter 2
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| What are the three types of inorganic molecules that are important for life? | Water, salts, and acids and bases
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| What are the four types of organic molecules that are important for life? | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
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| Why is water called a “polar” molecule? | Water is a polar molecule because it has a slight positive charge in the area of the hydrogen atoms and a slight negative charge in the area of the oxygen atom.
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| What are the 3 properties of water that make it so necessary for life? | ⢠Universal solvent
⢠Ideal transport medium
⢠Water is used for lubrication
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| How is an ion different from an atom? | Atoms are neutral. An ion is an electrically charged particle produced by either removing electrons from a neutral atom to yield a positive ion or adding electrons to a neutral atom to yield a negative ion.
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| What is an electrolyte? | substances that have the ability to transmit an electrical charge.
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| What are some examples of electrolytes? | Sodium, potassium, and calcium are examples of electrolytes.
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| Which type of compound is known as a proton donor? Is it an acid or base? | An acid is known as a proton donor.
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| Is a solution with a pH of 8.5 acidic or basic? | A solution with a pH of 8.5 is basic.
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| How does a weak acid act as a buffer? | A weak acid acts as a buffer because it helps the cell maintain a neutral pH.
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| What three elements are found in all carbohydrates? | Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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| What is the name of a simple sugar? Pentose vs hexose? | The name of a simple sugar is called monosaccharide. Pentose is a sugar with five carbons. Hexose is a sugar with six carbon atoms.
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| What process joins multiple simple sugars? | Dehydration synthesis
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| What is another name for a complex, multiunit carbohydrate? | Polysaccharide
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| What three elements are found in all lipids? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen
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| Which atoms make up the backbone of all lipid molecules? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen
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| Which lipids are polar: a)neutral fats or b) phospholipids? | phospholipids
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| What is the function of lipids in the body? | Lipids are used in the body for energy and are stored in fat for future energy needs.
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| What are the building blocks for proteins? | The building blocks for proteins are amino acids.
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| What is the name of the bond holding two amino acids together? | A peptide.
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| What is a peptide? | A peptide is a molecule consisting of two or more amino acids in which the carboxyl group of one acid is linked to the amino group of the other.
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| What is a polypeptide? | A polypeptide is a chain of 10 or more amino acids linked together.
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| How does an enzyme work? | Enzymes speed up or catalyze chemical reactions without being destroyed or altered.
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| How does a nucleotide differ from a nucleic acid? | Nucleic acids are the largest molecules in the body. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids.
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| What three parts compose a nucleotide? | Nucleotides are composed of a nitrogenous base, plus a 5-carbon (pentose) sugar, plus a phosphate group.
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| How many nitrogenous bases are there? | There are five nitrogen bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), uracil (U), and thymine (T).
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| How does an ATP molecule differ from a nucleotide? | ATP is an RNA nucleotide containing the nitrogen base adenine with two additional phosphate groups attached.
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