Parmacokinetics practice Quiz
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| Cimetidine/ Tagamet interferes with the cytochrome p450 enzyme pathway, impairing the body's ability to detoxify drugs. This adverse effect would be considered: | Hepatotoxic
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| Repeated doses of Heparin can cause Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia. This adverse effect would be considered: | Hematologic
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| Repeated doses of Valium given in rapid succession can add up to a dangerous level of over sedation. This "stacking" is a/an: | Cumulative effect
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| "Dig toxicity" is a constant concern with Digitalis because Digitalis: | Has a narrow Therapeutic Index
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| A severe allergic reaction involving more than once organ system is: | Anaphylaxis
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| What type of drug interaction indicates that one medication may reverse the effect of another? | Antagonistic
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| In pharmacology, antagonistic is sort of synonymous with: | Antidote
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| What type of drugs are often bound to HCl in order to administer them intravenously? | Lipid soluble drugs
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| Why are lipid soluble drugs bound to HCl? | Lipids cannot be given directly into the bloodstream, the acid makes them water soluble
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| Which drugs when given intravenously require you to tell your patient "A poke and a burn"? | Lipid soluble drugs
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| Drugs that block ion channels (such as calcium channel blockers) work by: | Alteration of cell membrane permeability
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| ED 50= | The dose of a drug that provides 50% of the optimal response
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| LD50/ED50 = | TI
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| Biotransformation of drugs most often takes place in what cells? | Hepatocytes
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| Antidotes block specific receptor sites through a process called: | Competitive inhibition
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| 1mg= | 1000micrograms
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| Blood dyscrasias or diatheses are: | Permanent abnormality of platelets
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| Administering a drug according to a sliding scale, such as insulin dosage based on blood glucose level, is a form of drug | Titration
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| Elderly persons may have more active drug circulating in their blood stream because they have less bound to the plasma protein: | Albumin
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| Twenty percent of hospitalizations for patients over the age of 65 are for adverse effects of medications. Illness due to drug reactions or interactions can be referred to as: | Iatrogenic
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| Radiographic contrast, as well as some antibiotics may be nephrotoxic. Which of the following conditions is an example of nephrotoxicity? | Acute tubular necrosis
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| Potentiation is a form of: | Synergism
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| A water soluble drub binds to a cell membrane receptor. In order to cause a change in an intracellular enzyme, a/an _____ must be activated | Second messenger
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| The dose of a drug that would kill 50% of the animals it was tested on would be : | LD 50
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| The does of a drug that provides 50% of the maximal response is: | ED 50
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| Therapeutic Index TI gives and estimate of relative safety. TI = | LD/ED
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| After digestion drugs pass from the portal vein to be biotransformed in the: | CYP 450 Pathway
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| Lipid Soluble Drugs: | *Pass through the cell membrane directly into the cell; *Do not require a cell membrane receptor to work; * May be stored in body fat; * May be eliminated more slowly from the body than water soluble drugs
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| Grapefruit and Tagamet are examples of interference with he cytochrome p450 enzyme pathway's ability to detoxify calcium channel blockers. This could cause blood levels of the drug to: | Increase
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| Permanent abnormality of platelets caused by medications would be a | blood dyscrasia
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| Most biotransformation or detoxification of drugs takes place in the | liver
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| Most elimination of drugs takes place in the | kidneys
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| A drug which causes severe congenital defects would be called: | Teratogenic
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| Tachyphylaxis (rapid loss of effectiveness) occurs through: | Accelerated biotransformation by the liver
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| TI = LD/ED | Therapeutic Index
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| Synergism | Potentiation
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| Paradoxical | Idiosyncratic
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| Hepatocytes | Detoxify drugs
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| Cytochrome p450 | Enzyme pathway in liver
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| Cell membrane stabilizers | Effect ion channels
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| Nephrotoxicity | Acute tubular necrosis
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| Stacking | Cumulative effect
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| Abnormality of platelets | Blood dyscrasia
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| T1/2 | Therapeutic half life
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| Causes genetic defects | Mutagenic
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| Antidote | Reversal agent
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| Cimetidine/Tagamet interferes with the cytochrome p450 enzyme pathway, impairing the body's ability to detoxify drugs. This adverse effect would be considered: | Hepatotoxic
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| Drugs tested in vitro are tested in: | test tubes
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| Drugs tested in vivo are tested: | in the body
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| CYP 450 is an: | Enzyme with a wavelength of 450 nanometers
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| The population at greatest risk of polypharmacy is: | the elderly
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| True or false" An adverse drug reaction is any drug effect other than what is therapeutically intended" | False
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| True or False: As an individual ages in the late adulthood phase of life the liver's ability to metabolize increases as a result of increased blood flow | False
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| True or false: The patient's age is a factor which can influence a drug's action and effect | True
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| "First pass" through the ______________ refers to the detoxification of a drug as it completes one trip through the circulation. | Liver
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| Your patient, Ms. Anita Graft is receiving a new medication which must pass through the liver in order to be chemically changed into the active form of the drug. The transformed medication that leaves the liver is called a/an: | Active metabolite
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| Most drugs are eliminated from the body by: | Renal filtration
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| Mechanisms of drug action include: | *Enzyme inhibition; *Enzyme stimulation; *Alteration of cell membrane permeability;* interactions with neurotransmitters
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| A patient receiving Valium for sedation, instead becomes agitated. Such an adverse reaction would be described as: | Idiosyncratic
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| Using one drug to enhance the effect of another is an example of: | Potentiation
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| Interactions with neurotransmitters usually refers to which types of drugs? | Sedatives and analgesics
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| Which drugs alter the cell membrane permeability? | Antiarrythmics
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| In competitive inhibition what is competing? | Agonists and antagonists
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| What type of drug interaction indicates that 2 or more meds work together more powerfully than they would alone? | Synergistic
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| Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant, caffeine is a stimulant. The biological interaction of these two drugs would demonstrate: | Physiologic antagonism
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| Cell membrane stabilizing drugs operate on: | Ion shifts in and out of cells
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| Which type of drugs operate on nerve conduction via neurotransmitters: | Serotonin, Benzodiazepines
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| What works on protein synthesis in the ribosomes | Synthroid
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| What is responsible for biotransformation in the liver? | CYp450
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| Competitive Inhibition | The effect of one drug canceling out the effect of another
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| Give an example of mutagenic | two drugs given together cause birth defects
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| What is it called when two drugs together cause a paradoxical reaction? | Idiosyncratic
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| Give an example of drug synergy | One drug potentiates or enhances the effect of another drug
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| Epinephrine binds to an adrenergic receptor in the heart. After a period of time the cell nucleus responds to prolonged overstimulation which caused the receptors to be withdrawn into the cell by endocytosis. What is this called | Down regulation
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| What is deamination? | The break down of proteins into enzymes
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| True or False: Net activity of a drug depends on its affinity for the receptor | True- Receptors have a lock shape for a certain key
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| Second messenger cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate is required for the action of: | Water soluble drugs
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| An adrenergic agonist would: | Stimulate sympathetic nervous system receptors
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| A calcium channel agonist would: | Block the movement of calcium ions into the cell
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| Stacking means: | The delayed, cumulative effect of repeated doses of a drug
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| Dig toxicity is a constant concern with Digitalis because Digitalis: | Has a narrow Therapeutic Index
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| A severe allergic reaction involving more than one organ system is | Anaphylaxis
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| What type of drug interaction indicates that one medication may reverse the effect of another? | Antagonistic (like chewing gum in a lock; the key wont work anymore)
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