Chapter 5 Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Compare & contrast osteoblast & osteoclast | osteoblast: bone-forming cells
osteoclast: large cells that break down bone
both types of bone cells
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| Who usually gets rickets & what is it caused by? (at the clinic) | Children; lack of calcium or vitamin D
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| Compare & contrast open & closed fracture (matching, at the clinic) | opened: broken bone; penetrates through skin
broken: break that doesn't penetrate the skin
both break
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| Compare & contrast open & close reduction (matching, at the clinic) | closed reduction- bone ends are coaxed back into normal positions by hand
open reduction- surgery
both repaired by doctors
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| List the order of a bone fracture repair | 1. hematoma forms
2. fibrocartilage callus forms
3. bony callus forms
4. bone remodelling occurs
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| Name & describe the 6 common types of fractures (matching, at the clinic) pt. 1 | comminuted- bones breaks into many fragments
compression- bone crushed
depressed- broken portion is pressed inward
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| Name & describe the 6 common types of fractures (matching, at the clinic) pt. 2 | impacted- broken ends are forced into each other
spiral- ragged breaks occur when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone
greenstick- bone breaks incompletely much in the way a green twig breaks
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| Where is the hyoid bone, why is it so different from other bones, what are its functions? (short answer) | upper neck; only bone that does not articulate directly with any other bone; serves as moveable base for tongue & as attachment point for neck muscles that raise higher & lower the larynx when we swallow & speak
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| Contrast a fetal skull with an adult skull (short answer) | fetal skull: 1/4 the length of the body; not fully developed; soft spots
adult skull: 1/8 the length of the body; fully developed; no soft spots
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| What are fontanels, where are they found, when do they go away? (short answer) | soft spots that are the fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones in a newborn's skull. They usually disappear around 2 years old
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| What are the function of joints, how are they classified? (short answer) | holds bones together & allow for mobility; functionally and structurally
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| Name & describe functional joints. (matching) | synarthroses: immovable
amphiarthroses: slightly movable
diarthroses: freely movable
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| Name & describe structural joints. (matching) | fibrous: bone ends/parts united by collagenic fibers; immovable, some slightly movable
cartilaginous: cone ends/parts united by cartilage; immovable, slightly movable
synovial: bone ends/parts covered with articular cartilage; freely movable
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| What is a sprain & why does it take so long to heal? (matching, at the clinic) | ligaments or tendons are damaged. Ligaments & tendons have poor blood supply, thus heal slowly & are extremely painful
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| What is arthritis & what are the symptoms? (matching, at the clinic) | inflammatory or degenerative disease of joints; pain, stiffness, swelling of the joint
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| Compare & contrast osteoarthritis & rheumatoid arthritis. (matching, at the clinic) | OA: most common chronic arthritis & related to the aging process
RA: autoimmune disease where immune system attacks joints. Symptoms begin with inflammation of certain joints & often leads to deformities
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| What is gout, how can it be prevented & who usually gets it? (matching, at the clinic) | inflammation of joints; dieting; men
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| Whom does osteoporosis affect & how? (matching, at the clinic) | 50% of women over 65; makes bones fragile/brittle
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| 2 diagrams | thoracic cavity p. 153; posterior
vertebral column p. 157; ribs
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