WOCN program
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Epidermis characteristics | Outermost layer of skin, avascular, turnover time usually 28 days
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| Layers of epidermis | Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale (aka germinativum)
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| Stratum Corneum structures | Dead keratinocytes, thin, stacked, anucleated, cells filled with keratin, stratum has lipid matrix, originate in the basal layer, have fully differentiated, shed daily
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| Stratum corneum function | Protection against aqueous, chemical, physical assault
Thickness varies with age, gender and disease
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| Keratin | Tough fibrous insoluble protein that is primary component of skin, hair and nails
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| Stratum lucidum structure | 1-5 cells thick, has lysosomal enzymes, only found in thick skin areas- palms and soles of feet, is translucent
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| Stratum lucidum function | Degrades nucleus and organelles of keratinocytes
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| Stratum granulosum structure | flattened cells, contain keratohyalin granules, Odland bodies
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| Stratum granulosum function | has Odland bodies that produce lipids and enzymes, the mortar of the epidermis, provides barrier to water loss
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| Stratum spinosum structure | has keratinocytes, Langerhans cells
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| Stratum spinosum function | Provide adhesion between cells, provides resistance against mechanical forces, synthesize keratin filaments
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| Stratum basale structure | Aka germinativum, inner most layer, basal layer, next to basement membrane, active cells,, has rete's pegs, melanocytes, epidermal stem cells
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| Stratum basale function | is reproductive layer, proliferating keratinocytes, anchors the epidermis via Retes pegs cells start here and migrate upwards
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| Basement membrane zone structure | 2 zones- lamina lucida and lamina densa , has hemidesmosomes for adhesion fibronectin is
the major protein
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| Basement membrane zone function | Anchors the epidermis to the dermis- this is the layer that is affected blister formation, full thickness wounds and third degree burns in wound healing the BMZ is disrupted and must be reformed
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| Dermis structure | 2 layers, papillary and reticular fibroblasts present, is vascular and innervated is 2-4mm thick ground substance present, contains collagen and elastin, glands and hair follicles
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| Dermis function | protection, connective tissue
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| Papillary dermis structure | just below Retes ridges, has pappliae that connect with Retes, capillary loops that supply O2 and nutrients via BMZ, lymph vessels present
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| Papillary dermis function | Supply O2 and nutrients to stratum basale
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| Reticular dermis structure | contains sebaceous glands, hair follicles, sweat glands,contains most of the connective tissue , has fibroblasts, mast cells, and macrophages
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| Reticular dermis function | supports the skin, has connective tissue and blood vessels gives skin it's strength and elasticity
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| Dermal proteins | Collagen and elastin
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| Collagen | Fibrous protein with high tensile strength
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| Elastin | Coiled fibers that allow for skin to return to shape
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| Hypodermis structure | Subcutaneous fat,
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| Hypodermis function | Attaches dermis to underlying structures, insulates, distributes pressure
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| Skin functions | barrier/protection, Vit D synthesis, thermoregulation, sensation, insulation, immunity
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| protective functions | Protection against pathogens, UVR, fluid loss, environmental irritants
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| Thermoregulation | Barrier between outside and internal environment to maintain body temp, circulation and sweating are mechanisms
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| explain Sensation | Nerve receptors perceive - pain, touch, temp, itch and pressure - also a protective mechanism - burning itching and tickling are basic sensations
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| Vit D synthesis | UVR converts a sterol to cholecalciferol, then is converted to calcitrol
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| Skin immune system | Langerhans cells, tissue macrophages, mast cells, AMPs (antimicrobial peptides)
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| Langerhans cells | Antigen presenting cells present to T cells
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| explain Tissue macrophages | Bacteriocidal, tumoricidal, antigen presenters, secrete growth factors, cytokines, atherogenisis, coagulation, wound healing and remodeling
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| Mast cells | Usually in reticular dermis, release histamines, chemotactic agents - involved in allergic responses, inflammatory diseases
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| acid mantle | inhibits pathogenic growth, 4-6.5
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| Merkel cells | Sense light touch- are in rete pegs, near hair follicles, , are mechanreceptors-
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| Meissner corpuscles | Touch reception
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| Pacinian corpuscles | Pressure, coarse touch vibration and tension
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| What separates the 2 major layers of the skin | Basement membrane zone
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| How long does it take a cell to go from stratum basale to corneum | 14 - 28 days
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| Retes pegs | Epidermal protrusions of the basal layer that point downward into the dermis
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| Melanocytes | Approx. the same # in all skin types, in basal layer, melanin is in the dendritic process as melanosomes
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| Factors that alter skin characteristics | Age, hydration, sun, soaps, nutrition, medications, disease
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| How do Meds effect skin characteristics | Can alter skin flora, alter inflammatory response, cause dermatitis slow wound healing can cause photosensitivity photo toxicity .
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| skin ph ranges from ___ to ___ with a mean of ____ | 4,6.8, 5.5
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
Beth Perry
Popular Anatomy sets