Gastrointestinal Sys
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| What are rugae? | folds in the stomach that secrete hydrocholoric acid and enzymes
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| What are the accessory organs of the GI system? | liver, pancreas, gallbladder
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| What are the four divisions of the colon? | ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
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| What are the functions of the liver? | produces bile, maintains normal glucose levels, removes sugars from blood, transforms/destroys toxic products, stores vitamins b12, k, e, a, d, destroys old red blood cells, produces various blood proteins
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| What are the three main components of the large intestine? | cecum, colon, rectum
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| What are the three main parts of the stomach? | body, fundus, pylorus
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| What are the two structures that form the roof of the mouth? | soft palate, hard palate
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| What is the medical term for mouth? | oral cavity
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| What is another name for the GI tract? | alimentary canal
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| What are villi? | finger like protrusions in small intestine that absorb nutrients from chyme
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| Where does peristalsis occur? | from the pharynx to the anus
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| Where is digestion completed? | the small intestine
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| What is a volvus? | life threatening obstruction of the intestine which causes the bowel to twist on itself
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| What are hemorrhoids? | swollen veins in or outside the anus
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| What causes Hepatitis A? | ingestion of contaminated water, milk, or food
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| What is diverticulitis? | inflammation of blister like pockets in the lining of the large intestine
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| What is ulcerative colitits? | inflammation and ulceration of the inner most lining of the colon
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| Where are ulcers commonly found? | in the duodenum and the stomach
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| Where do inguinal hernias develop? | in the groin area where the folds of the abdomen meet the thighs
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| ulcer | a lesion of the skin or mucous membrane which frequently develops in the duodenum or stomach
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| occult blood | a test in which stool samples are collected to determine gastrointestinal bleeding
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| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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| hernia | abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structures that normally contain it
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| deglutition | act of swallowing
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| gallbladder | an organ below the liver which stores and empties bile through its ducts into the small intestine
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| pancreas | an organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid in digestion
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| regurgitation | backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach
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| mastication | chewing
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| fecalith | fecal concentration
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| cecum | first 2-3" of the large intestine
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| ascending colon | first portion of the colon, extending from the lower border of the liver
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| cholecysistitis | formation of gallstones
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| flatus | gas in the GI tract
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| ulcerative colitis | inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon
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| diverticulitis | inflammation of a sac-like bulge that may develop in the wall of the large intestine
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| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth and stomach
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| anorexia | lack or loss of appetite resulting in the inability to eat
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| rectum | last portion of the GI tract
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| ileum | lower division of the small intestine
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| serum bilirubin | measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
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| halitosis | offensive or bad breath
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| proctologist | one who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum and anus
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| melena | passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices
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| steatorrhea | passage of fat in large amounts in the feces
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| celiac | pertaining to the abdomen
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| buccal | pertaining to the cheek
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| lithotripsy | procedure for crushing a stone
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| eructation | producing gas from the stomach
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| peristalsis | progressive, wavelike movement
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| barium swallow | radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
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| barium enema | radiographic examination of the rectum and colon
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| cholecystogram | radiographic record of the gallbladder
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| borborygmus | rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance
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| cirrhosis | scarring and dysfunction of the liver
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| jejunum | second division of the small intestine
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| transverse colon | second portion of the colon that passes horizontally across the abdomen toward the spleen
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| obstipation | severe constipation
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| pyloric stenosis | structure or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
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| enterostomy | surgical formation of an opening in the small intestine through the abdominal wall
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| ileostomy | surgical formation of an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall
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| anastomosis | surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
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| cheiloplasty | surgical repair of the lip
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| aerophagia | swallowing air
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| liver | the largest glandular organ
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| diarrhea | the passage of unformed, watery bowl movements
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| injest | to eat
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| hematemesis | vomiting of blood
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| malabsorption | when nutrients are digested but are not taken in by the intestinal tissues
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| leukoplakia | white patches that form on the tongue, lips, or cheek
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| Ba | baruim
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| BaE, BE | barium enema
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| BM | bowel movement
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| BMI | body mass index
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| CF | cystic fibrosis
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| CT | computed tomography
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| EGD | esophogastroduodenoscopy
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| MRCP | magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
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| GB | gallbladder
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| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease
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| GI | gastorintestinal
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| HBV | hepatitis B virus
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| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome
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| LFT | liver function test
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| PE | physical examination
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| PMH | past medical history
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| PUD | peptic ulcer disease
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| R/O | rule out
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| RGB | Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
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| STAT | immeditately
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