Chapter 4 Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| List at least 5 functions of skin (pt. 1) | 1. protects deeper tissues from mechanical damage, etc.
2. aids in loss or retention of body heat as controlled by the nervous system
3. aids in excretion of urea and uric acid
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| List at least 5 functions of skin (pt. 2) | 4. synthesizes vitamin D
5. cutaneous sensory receptors detect touch, temperature, pressure, and pain
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| Compare & contrast thick & thin skin | Thick skin is the tougher part of your skin (ex. heels, palms). It has 5 layers of skin. Thin skin covers everything else with just 4 layers
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| The most common type of cell in the epidermis is...? | squamous cells
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| When you shave your skin, you are losing many layers of cells, why don't you bleed? | It doesn't damage the dermis
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| Describe the layers of the epidermis. (matching) | stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucid
stratum corneum
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| What is melanin, what type of cells make melanin, where is melanin mostly found, and what affects the amount of melanin a person has? | Melanin is the pigment of skin produced by melanocytes. Melanocytes are mostly in the stratum basale. The affects are how light or dark the skin is.
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| Compare & contrast dendritic & merkel cells | Dendritic cells are alert & activate immune cells to a threat (bacterial or viral invasion)
Merkel cells are associated with sensory nerve endings & serve as touch receptors called Merkel discs.
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| Describe the layers of the dermis (matching) | Papillary & reticular layer
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| What are sebaceous glands? How does the sebum that they produce help the body? | Sebaceous, or oil glands, are found everywhere but the thick skin in you palms & foot soles. The sebum is a lubricant for the skin, prevents brittle hair, & kills bacteria
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| What are sudoriferous glands? Name 2 types of these glands. | Sweat glands; they produce sweat & are widely distributed in the skin.
Eccrine & apocine glands
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| Explain how a body can produce odor from sweating if sweat has no odor. | The odor of sweat comes from a bacteria
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| Label strand of hair | Outside: hair cuticle
Second layer: cortex
Inner layer: medulla
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| What are the "Rules of Nines" used for? Explain. | It is a way to determine the extent of burns. The body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimation. Each area represents about 9% of total body surface area. The area around the genitals represents 1% of body surface area.
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| Describe first-degree burns | Only epidermis is damaged
Skin is red and swollen
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| Describe second-degree burns | Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged
Skin is red with blisters
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| Describe third-degree burns | Destroys entire skin layer; burned area is painless
Requires skin grafts
Burn is gray-white or black
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| Under what circumstances are burns considered to be critical? | Over 25% of the body has second-degree burn
Over 10% of the body has third-degree burns
There are third-degree burns of the face, hands, or feet
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| Describe infections & allergies that can affect the skin (matching) | Contact dermatitis- poison ivy: exposures cause allergic reaction
Impetigo- caused by bacterial infection
Psoriasis- cause is unknown; triggered by trauma, infection, stress
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| Describe the 2 ways cancer can be classified | Benign: does not spread (encapsulated)
Malignant: metastasizes (moves) to other parts of the body
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| Describe the 3 types of skin cancer | Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
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| Explain the ABCD rule | A- asymmetry: two sides of pigmented mole do not match
B- border irregularity: borders of mole are not smooth
C- color: different colors in pigmented area
D- diameter: spot is larger than 6mm
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| What can contribute to a change in skin color or alteration in skin color? (orange, red, paleness, yellow, black/blue, brown/black) | Homeostatic imbalance
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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