Nervous System Test
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are Schwann cells? | Make myelin sheath around large nerves in PNS: act as phagocytes to rid a damaged nerve of deteriorating cell debris
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| What are satellite cells? | control chemical environment of neurons
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| what are the divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system? | 1a: Central 1b: Peripheral 2a: Sensory (afferent) 2b: Motor (efferent) 3a: Autonomic 3b: Somatic 4a: Sympathetic 4b: Parasympathetic
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| what are the 3 types of neurons? | Multipolar: has several dendrites and an axon, most common, major type in CNS Biopolar: has only process-one dendrite and one axon, rare: found only in special sense organs Unipolar: single process, found primarily in PNS
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| What are the 2 types of synapses? | Electrical: bridged junction, transmission across the synapse is very fast, found in brain in areas responsible for stereotyped movements, abundant in embryonic nervous tissue
Chemical: specialized for release and reception of chemical neurotransmitters
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| what are the 3 types of areas into which the cortex can be divided? | Motor, sensory, and association
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| what 3 structures make up the diencephalon? | thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
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| what 3 structures make up the brain stem? | Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
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| what are the 3 meninges? | dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater
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| what 3 parts make up the blood-brain barrier? | 1. Continuous endothelium of the capillary wall 2. relatively thick basement membrane surrounding the external face of the capillary
3. bulbous "feet" of the astrocytes that cling to the capillaries
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| what are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve? | Opthalmic division, maxillary division, and mandibular division
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| what are the 5 divisions of the facial nerve? | temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical (two zebras bit my cow)
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| what are the 4 basic tastes? | sweet, sour, salty, and bitter
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| what are the 3 layers of the eyeball? | Fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, and sensory tunic
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| what are the 2 types of photoreceptors in the retina? what do they detect? | rods-gray tones and cones-color
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| what is meningitis? | Inflammation of the meninges
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| what is a concussion? | skull hits the brain
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| what is encephalitis? | Brain Inflammation
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| what is hydrocephalus? | Obstruction in CSF drainage
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| what is multiple sclerosis? | Demyelinating disease
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| what is the difference between spastic and flaccid paralysis? | Spastic: Results from upper neuron damage; muscles remain healthy, but are no longer under voluntary control
Flaccid: results from lower neuron damage; no signal reaches the muscles so they begin to atrophy
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| what are the 3 types of paralysis? | Paraplegia, quadriplegia, and hemiplegia
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| what is astigmatism? | unequal curves of the lens or cornea
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| what is conjunctivitis? | eye becomes red and irritated
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| why does motion sickness occur? | mixed signals sent to brain
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| what are the 3 primary brain vesicles? | Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon
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| what are the 5 secondary brain vesicles? what do they form? | Telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres), diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), metencephalon (pons and cerebellum), and myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)
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| what are the 5 types of spinal nerves and how many of each type exist? | cervical-8, thoracic-12, lumbar-5, saccral-5, and coccygeal-1
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| how do tears flow through the lacrimal apparatus? | lacrimal gland, tears, drain into the lacrimal canal, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct
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| what are the 6 extrinsic eye muscles? Their actions? Nerve innervations? | Superior rectus (Superiorly, CNIII), inferior rectus (Inferiorly, CNIII), medial rectus (Medially, CNIII), Lateral rectus (Laterally, CNVI), superior oblique (Down and laterally CNIV), inferior oblique (Up and laterally, CNIII)
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| what are the 4 types of neuroglia? | Astrocytes, microglia, cpendymal, and oligodendrocytes
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| what is the function of astrocytes? | star-shaped cells that make up 1/2 of neural tissue volume, help to attach neurons to blood vessels, control ionic environment around neurons
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| what is the function of microglia? | protect CNS against invading organisms
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| what is the function of cpendymal? | line cavities of brain/spinal cord, makes CSF, have cilia to move CSF
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| what is the function of oligodendrocytes? | makes the myelin sheaths in CNS
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Created by:
mchuan
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