Growth and Development
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| begins at the time of conception or fertilization and continues until the birth | prenatal stage of development
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| the science of the development of the offspring before birth | embryology
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| Most often occurs in the outer one-third of the oviduct | fertilization
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| in about 3 days a solid mass of cells is formed | morula
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| when the embryo reaches the uterus, it is a hollow ball of cells | blastocyst
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| during the 10 days from fertilization the blastocyst completes ________ in the uterine lining | implantation
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| "bridge" "anchor" "barrier" | placenta
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| length of pregnancy | gestation period
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| by day 35 of gestation | baby heart beat, eyes, limb buds
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| by month 4 all _______ are complete and in place | organs
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| unspecialized cells that reproduce to form specific lines of specialized cells | stem cells
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| three layers of stem cells develop that embryologist call the __________ | primary germ layers
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| inside layer | endoderm
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| outside layer | ectoderm
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| middle layer | mesoderm
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| study of how the primary germ layers develop into many different kinds of tissues is called _________ | histogenesis
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| the process of birth, or __________, is the point of transition between the prenatal and postnatal periods of life. | parturition
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| A _________ birth is on in which the fetus fails to turn head downward and consequently the feet are born first. | breech
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| cesarean section | c-section
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| period from onset of uterine contractions until dilation of the cervix is complete | stage one
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| period from the time of maximal cervical dilation until the baby exits through the vagina | stage two
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| process of expulsion of the placenta through the vagina | stage three
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| stage one lasts from | 6-24 hours
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| stage two lasts from | few minutes- hour
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| stage three lasts from | 15 minutes after birth
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| same fertilized egg, same genetic code | identical twins
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| two different ova and two different spermatozoa | fraternal twins
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| implantation outside the uterus | ectopic pregnancy
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| most common type of ectopic pregnancy | tubal pregnancy
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| placenta grows to closely to the cervical opening | placenta previa
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| separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, immediate death to fetus | abruptio placentae
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| toxemia of pregnancy, hypertension after the 24th week | preeclampsia
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| loss of an embryo or fetus before the 20th week | miscarriage
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| loss of fetus after 20 weeks | stillbirth
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| birth defects also may be caused by exposure to environmental factors called _______ | teratogens
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| childbed fever, syndrome of postpartum mothers characterized by bacterial infection that progress to septicemia and possibly death | puerperal fever
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| breast inflammation | mastitis
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| begins at birth and lasts until death | postnatal period
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| begins at birth and lasts about 18 months | infancy
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| first 4 weeks of infancy | neonatal period
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| extends from the end of infancy to sexual maturity or puberty | childhood
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| teenage years | adolescence
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| full closure of growth plates | adulthood
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| study of aging | gerontology
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| rare inherited condition in which a person appears to age rapidly | progeria
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| degenerative joint diseases | osteoarthritis
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| loss of memory and other functions of conscious thinking | dementia
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| old eye | presbyopia
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| lens becomes cloudy | cataract
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| increase in pressure within the eye | glaucoma
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| about what percent of taste buds remain in an individual at age 75 | 40%
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| leads to blockage of the coronary arteries | atherosclerosis
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| fatty accumulations in blood vessels calcify, hardening the arteries | arteriosclerosis
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