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Anatomy Chapter 24
Growth and Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| begins at the time of conception or fertilization and continues until the birth | prenatal stage of development |
| the science of the development of the offspring before birth | embryology |
| Most often occurs in the outer one-third of the oviduct | fertilization |
| in about 3 days a solid mass of cells is formed | morula |
| when the embryo reaches the uterus, it is a hollow ball of cells | blastocyst |
| during the 10 days from fertilization the blastocyst completes ________ in the uterine lining | implantation |
| "bridge" "anchor" "barrier" | placenta |
| length of pregnancy | gestation period |
| by day 35 of gestation | baby heart beat, eyes, limb buds |
| by month 4 all _______ are complete and in place | organs |
| unspecialized cells that reproduce to form specific lines of specialized cells | stem cells |
| three layers of stem cells develop that embryologist call the __________ | primary germ layers |
| inside layer | endoderm |
| outside layer | ectoderm |
| middle layer | mesoderm |
| study of how the primary germ layers develop into many different kinds of tissues is called _________ | histogenesis |
| the process of birth, or __________, is the point of transition between the prenatal and postnatal periods of life. | parturition |
| A _________ birth is on in which the fetus fails to turn head downward and consequently the feet are born first. | breech |
| cesarean section | c-section |
| period from onset of uterine contractions until dilation of the cervix is complete | stage one |
| period from the time of maximal cervical dilation until the baby exits through the vagina | stage two |
| process of expulsion of the placenta through the vagina | stage three |
| stage one lasts from | 6-24 hours |
| stage two lasts from | few minutes- hour |
| stage three lasts from | 15 minutes after birth |
| same fertilized egg, same genetic code | identical twins |
| two different ova and two different spermatozoa | fraternal twins |
| implantation outside the uterus | ectopic pregnancy |
| most common type of ectopic pregnancy | tubal pregnancy |
| placenta grows to closely to the cervical opening | placenta previa |
| separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, immediate death to fetus | abruptio placentae |
| toxemia of pregnancy, hypertension after the 24th week | preeclampsia |
| loss of an embryo or fetus before the 20th week | miscarriage |
| loss of fetus after 20 weeks | stillbirth |
| birth defects also may be caused by exposure to environmental factors called _______ | teratogens |
| childbed fever, syndrome of postpartum mothers characterized by bacterial infection that progress to septicemia and possibly death | puerperal fever |
| breast inflammation | mastitis |
| begins at birth and lasts until death | postnatal period |
| begins at birth and lasts about 18 months | infancy |
| first 4 weeks of infancy | neonatal period |
| extends from the end of infancy to sexual maturity or puberty | childhood |
| teenage years | adolescence |
| full closure of growth plates | adulthood |
| study of aging | gerontology |
| rare inherited condition in which a person appears to age rapidly | progeria |
| degenerative joint diseases | osteoarthritis |
| loss of memory and other functions of conscious thinking | dementia |
| old eye | presbyopia |
| lens becomes cloudy | cataract |
| increase in pressure within the eye | glaucoma |
| about what percent of taste buds remain in an individual at age 75 | 40% |
| leads to blockage of the coronary arteries | atherosclerosis |
| fatty accumulations in blood vessels calcify, hardening the arteries | arteriosclerosis |
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