chapter 4 test
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| 5 functions of skin | mechanical damage, chemical damage, bacterial damage, ultraviolet radiation, thermal damage.
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| compare & contrast thick & thin skin | thick: 5 layers
thin: 4 layers
both in the granulosum layer
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| The most common type of cell in the epidermis is ___. | keratinocytes
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| 5 layers of epidermis | basale - deepest layer
spinosum - contains thick layer of pre-keratin
granulosum - cytoplasm
lucidum - hairless; only in thick skin
corneum - outermost layer of epidermis; dead cells
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| What is melanin, what type of cells make melanin, where is melanin mostly found, and what affects the amount of melanin a person has? | 1. pigment
2. produced by melanocytes
3. mostly in the stratum basale
4. depends on genetics and expose to sunlight
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| Compare and contrast dendritic and merkel cells | 1. dendritic - alert and activate immune cells to a threat
2. merkel - serve as touch receptors
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| Describe the layers of the dermis. (matching) | 1. papillary layer - upper dermal region; some contain capillary loops
2. reticular layers - blood vessels; sweat glands
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| What are sebaceous glands? How does the sebum that they produce help the body? | Sebaceous glands = oil glands. The sebum helps the body by lubricating the skin and killing bacteria.
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| What are sudoriferous glands? Name 2 types of these glands. | sudoriferous glands = sweat glands.
the two types are eccrine glands & apocrine
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| Explain how a body can produce odor from sweating if sweat has no odor. | the body can produce odor from sweating because the bacteria uses the sweat to make the odor.
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| What are the “Rules of Nines” used for? Explain. | the rules of nines are used in calculating body surface area involved in burns. 9% for all 11 regions.
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| Describe the 3 degrees of burns. | 1.first-degree burns
only epidermis is damaged
2. second-degree burns
epidermis and upper dermis are changed
3. third-degree burns
destroys entire skin layer; burned area is painless
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| Under what circumstances are burns considered to be critical? | - burns are considered critical if
- over 25% of body has second-degree burns
- over 10% of the body had third-degree burns
- there are third-degree burns on the face, hands, or feet
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| Describe infections and allergies that can affect the skin. (matching) | - contact dermatitis
cause allergic reaction
- impetigo
caused by bacterial infection
- psoriasis
cause is unknown
triggered by trauma, infection, stress
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| Describe the 2 ways cancer can be classified. | - benign
- does not spread
- malignant
- moves to other parts of the body
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| Describe infections and allergies that can affect the skin. (matching) | - contact dermatitis
cause allergic reaction
- impetigo
caused by bacterial infection
- psoriasis
cause is unknown
triggered by trauma, infection, stress
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| Describe the 2 ways cancer can be classified. | - benign
does not spread
- malignant
moves to other parts of the body
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| Describe the 3 types of skin cancer. | 1. Basal cell carcinoma
least malignant
most common
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
early removal allows a good chance of cure
believed to be sun-induced
3. Malignant melanoma
most deadly
uses ABCD rule
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| Explain the ABCD rule | A = Asymmetry
Two sides of pigmented mole do not match
B = Border irregularity
Borders of mole are not smooth
C = Color
Different colors in pigmented area
D = Diameter
Spot is larger than 6 mm in diameter
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| What can contribute to a change in skin color or alteration in skin color? (orange, red, paleness, yellow, black/blue, brown/black) | keratin
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