LP1 -Vaccinations Review
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| Most vaccines are given in a child's first ____ to ___ months of life? | 15-18
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| T or F: Vaccine storage should follow specific manufacturer's guidelines? | True
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| T or F: Sunlight never effects vaccines | False
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| T or F: Vaccines have trade names | True
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| A child with an egg allergy cannot receive which vaccines? | MMR, Varicella, Influenza
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| MAs must know symptoms of side effects, contraindications and allergies of vaccines and inform the parents. What is provided to the parents for this? | A vaccination information sheet
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| What does VIS stand for? | Vaccine information sheet
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| What must be done by parents before vaccines are given to children? | A written consent must be signed
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| What does VAERS stand for? | Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
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| If any adverse reaction occur, what will the provider do? | The provider will report it to VAERS, and fill out an event form for the national immunization program.
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| T or F: All children must have an immunization record as part of their personal permanent medical record? | True
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| What information must be included in the EMR? | -Date of administration
-Vaccine given
-Vaccine information sheet given to parent/guardian
-Manufacturer name
-Lot # and expiration date
-Site and route of administration
-Name, address + title of person administering
-Source of vaccine (f,s,p)
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| T or F: record keeping is mandated by both state and federal laws | True
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| T or F: Immunizations are not included in the TPMS. | False
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| What do vaccinations do? | Stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against pathogens
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| If you cannot administer a vaccine do to contraindication, what must be done? | You must carefully document this and notify the provider.
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| T or F: Repeated doses of vaccines are not necessary | False
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| T or F: Only compatible vaccines may be given in any one visit to avoid drug interactions | True
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| T or F: If you miss a vaccine, you are out of luck | False- vaccine "catch up" schedules are avilable
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| What is the goal for vaccine schedules? | Complete vaccination by 15-18 months, 2yrs.
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| What times are boosters given? | Upon school entry and every 10 yrs
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| What is herd immunity? | Protection for those who cannot get vaccinated by vaccinating as many of those who can.
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| What is on a VIS sheet? | What the vaccine is used for
What reactions to look out for
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| What disease is still a problem in Africa but not in the U.S? | Polio
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| The person who draws up and prepares the vaccine also.....? | Administers and documents it.
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| Who may not get a vaccine? | -Immunocompromised
-Sick, fever
-Some cancer patients
-Pregnant patients (rubella)
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| What must be done after opening a multidose vial? | You must date and initial it, it is good then for 28 days.
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| What vaccines and diluents must be thrown out and not used? | -Expired
-Without a label
-Those drawn or prepared but not given immediately
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| Examples of localized infections | -rash
-redness
-soreness
-itching
-minor swelling
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| Major life threatening reaction, can cause loss of consciousness? | Anaphylaxis
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| What is included in vaccine package inserts? | -Route of administration
-Purpose
-Contraindications
-Possible side effects
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| Why do we immunize? | To prevent the spread of disease
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| How are most vaccine-preventable diseases spread? | Person to person
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| What happens to vaccines if they are exposed to ranges of temperature outside of their ranges? | They have decreased potency/effectiveness
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| How many times should the temperature be tested and how is it recorded? | Twice a day, recorded in a log
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| If the expiration date on a label is a month and year, how long can the vaccine be used for? | It can be used through the last day of the month labeled.
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| Some children up to 8yrs and those who are receiving the flu vaccine for the first time...... | Will need two doses to be fully protected. The doses should be 28 days apart.
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| Who may receive a nasal flu vaccine? | Healthy children 2-8yrs. Those with minor illness such as diarrhea or upper respiratory tract infection with out fever can still receive the spray.
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| What is immunity? | When the body is protected from infectious diseases due to the development of antibodies.
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| Antigens are...? | Foreign substances
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| Antibodies are.....? | Proteins produced in response to the presence of antigens
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| Immunization (definition) | The process of introducing or providing immunity artificially by administering an immunizing agent.
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| Active immunization | Response to vaccine or toxoid
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| Passive immunization | Response to donor antitoxins or antibodies
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| Another name for "live" vaccine | Attenuated
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| Which vaccines are live? | MMR, Varicella, Influenza (nasal), Zostavax
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| Example of a dead vaccine? | Influenza (IM)
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| What does tetanus cause? | Lockjaw
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| What does diptheria cause? | A thick covering in back of the throat
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| Pertussis causes? | whooping cough, difficult eating/breathing/drinking, brain damage, death
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| What does the "a" mean in DTap? | It stands for acellular. It means that the pertussis component only contains part of the pertussis organism.
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| What are the four combinations of tetanus, diptheria and pertussis vaccine? | DTaP, Tdap, Td, DT.
*Uppercase=full strength of that toxin
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| How is the DTap vaccine administered? | IM, in the thigh with a 1inch needle
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| Where is the DTap vaccine stored? | refrigerator
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| Does the DTap vaccine have a diluent? | No
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| What is Hepatitis A? | A serious liver disease, causes flu like symptoms, jaundice
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| How is Hep A spread? | Fecal-oral route
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| How is Hep A administered? | IM, upper arm or thigh with a 1inch needle
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| How is Hep A stored? | Refrigerator
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| Does Hep A have a diluent? | No
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| Hep A schedule | 2 doses, a least 6mo apart
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| Hepatits B causes? | Serious liver disease
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| Hep B is spread by? | Body fluids, needles, mother to child
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| How is Hep B administered? | IM in arm or thigh with 1"needle
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| How is Hep B stored? | Refrigerator
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| Does Hep B have a diluent? | No
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| What vaccines are stored in the freezer? | Zostavax, MMR
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| What vaccines have diluents? | Varicella, Zostavax, Hib and MMR
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| What does Hib protect against? | Haemophilus Influenzae Type B. A serious bacterial disease which can cause meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis, pericarditits. Symptoms= rash, stiff neck, fever, septicemia, death
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| Which vaccines are SQ? | MMR, varicella, zostavax
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| Which vaccine is oral? | Rotavirus (RV)
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| what does HPV protect against? | Cervical cancer, anal cancer, genital warts
*mostly no symptoms
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| How is HPV spread? | Spread by sexual body fluids
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| HPV schedule? | 9-26 yrs both boys and girls
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| What does measles cause? | Fever, cough, rash, runny nose, may cause seizures or death
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| What does mumps cause? | Virus that causes fever, headache, muscle pains, and swollen glands
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| What does rubella cause? | Rash, arthritis(women), mild fever, can cause miscarriage
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| What are MMR diseases spread by? | Measles= breathing, coughing, sneezing
Mumps= mucus
Rubella= Airborne dropletts
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| Where are SQ injections usually given? | Triceps of the arm
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| What is the needle length for SQ injections? | 5/8 in
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| What does the meningococcal conjugate vaccine protect against? | Meningitis, bacterial infection of the covering of the brain and spinal cord
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| MCV4= | meningococcal vaccine for 55 and younger
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| MPSV4= | meningococcal vaccine for 55+
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| Meningitis is spread by? | Kissing, coughing
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| Meningitis symptoms | fever, headache, stiff neck, confusion, fatigue, septicemia
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| What does conjugate mean? | Antigen is attached to protein to enhance reaction
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| Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) protects against? | Pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, otitis media, chest pain, respiratory problems
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| What medication is used for PCV13? | Prevnar13
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| Polio vaccine (IPV) protects against? | Polio, a virus that enters thru the mouth
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| Symptom of polio? | paralysis
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| RV protects against? | rotavirus, severe diarrhea
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| What disease is associated with rotavirus? | Kawasaki disease
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| RV is spread by what? | fecal-oral route
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| Zostavax protects against? | Herpes zoster (shingles)
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| Symptoms of shingles? | Painful rash on one side of body, fevers, stomachaches
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| administration of zostavax? | Over the age of 55
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| Varivax (Varicella, VAR)protects against? | chicken pox
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| Symptoms of chicken pox? | fever, rash, decreased appetite
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| Influenza vaccine protects against? | Flu
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| Influenza vaccine administration? | Yearly over 6mo, may need two doses if never received it before
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| Combo vaccines are? | Pentacel
Pediarix
Kinrix
MMRV or ProQuad
Twinrix
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| Pentacel contains? | DTaP, IVP, Hib
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| Pediarix contains? | DTap, IPV, Hep B
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| Kinrix contains? | DTap, IPV
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| MMRV or ProQuad contains? | MMR and Varicella
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| Twinrix contains? | Hep A and Hep B
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| Vaccines that need to be reconstituted? | -Pentacel
-ProQuad
-Varivax
-MMR
-Zostavax
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| Diluents can be? | Sterile water, sodium chloride
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| What should you do when you reconstitute? | Date and time when reconstituting took place, should be written on syringe
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| Frozen storage temp? | -50 to -15 Celsius
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| Refrigerated temp? | 2-8 Celsius
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