WVSOM -- Gross Anatomy -- Cranial Nerves V and VII
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| Where does the Trigeminal nerve ermerge from? | lateral aspect of the pons as 2 roots
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| What are the 2 roots of CN V? | larger sensory root and smaller motor root
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| What is the motor function of CN V? | mastication, anterior belly of the digastrics, mylohyoid, tensor tympani and tensor veli palatine
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| What is the function of V1? | pure sensory
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| Where does V1 exit? | superior orbital fissure to enter the orbit
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| What are the 3 major branches of the ophthalmic division? | nasociliary, frontal and lacrimal
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| What dura does V1 pass thru? | lateral wall of the cavernous sinus to exit the crainial cavity via the superior orbial fissure
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| What part of the face is covered by the V1? | cornea, conjucntiva, nasal cavity, frontal and ethmoid sinuses, dorsum of nose, upper eyelid and anterior portion of the scalp
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| What is the function of V2? | sensory only. Innervates the palate, nasal cavity, upper teeth, maxillary sinus, skin of lateral side of nose, upper lip and lower eyelid/cheek
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| What does V2 branch into? | Zygomatic, superior alveolar(dental), infraorbital and palatine
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| How does V2 travel? | passes forward in the dura of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus to exit the cranial cavity via the foramen trotundum to enter the pterygopalatine fossa
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| What kind of nerve is V3? | mixed
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| How does V3 travel? | exits the cranial cavity via the foramen ovale
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| What is the motor innervations of V3? | 1st pharyngeal arch – masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoids, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatine, mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastrics muscles
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| What are the major nerve branches of V3? | Buccal, lingual, inferior alveolar & auriculotemporal
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| What is innervated by V3? | skin of lower face, cheek, lower lip, temporomandibular joint, upper external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, anterior 2/3 of tounge, lower teeth
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| What parasympathetic fibers join branches of the trigeminal nerve? | post synaptic ganglion of the ciliary, otic, submandibular and pyerygopalatine
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| What will injury to the trigeminal nerve present with? | loss of light touch, pain/temp sensations of the face, anterior scalpe, mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and anterior 2/3 of tongue. Loss of afferent limb of corneal reflex and paralysis of the muscles of mastication
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| What is the corneal reflex? | both eyes blinking in response to one cornea being touched.
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| What is tic doulourey? | trigeminal neuralgia. Disorder of the sensory root of CN V occurring most often in middle aged and elderly persons. Characterized by sudden attacks of excruciating lightening-like jabs of factial pain often lasting for 15 minutes or more
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| Which cranial nerve is most associated with tic douloureux? | V2 mostly, V1 least frequent
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| What is the cause of tic douloureux? | unknown
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| What is treatment for tic doulourex? | surgical resection of the nerve or ganglion
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| Where does the facial nerve exit the skull? | stylomastoid foramen
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| What kind of nerve is CN 7? | mixed
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| Where does CN 7 emerge? | junction of the pons and medulla
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| What are the divisions of CN 7? | motor root and intermediate nerve
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| What does the motor root of CN 7 innervate? | muscles of facial expression
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| What are the muscles of facial expression? | Frontalis, orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus Major, levator labii superioris, levator anguli oris, orbicularis oris, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, buccinators, platysma
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| When the facial nerve emerges from the stylomastoid foramen what branch does it immediately give off? | posterior auricular nerve
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| What does the facial nerve terminate into at the parotid gland? | temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical nerves
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| Injury to the facial nerve results in what? | paralysis of the muscles of facial expression (Bell’s Palsy) and loss of the efferent limb of the corneal reflex
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| What is the branch of the facial nerve that is parasympathetic preganlionic and where does it synapse? | greater petrosal nerve and synapses in the pterygopalatine ganglion
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| What does the pterygonopalatine ganglion provide autonomic innervations to? | lacrimal gland and mucous glands of the nasal cavity, maxillary sinus and palate
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| Which branch of the facial nerve carries taste fibers? | chorda tympani nerve
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| What does the chorda tympani nerve innervate? | taste fibers to the anterior 2/3 of the tounge as well as parasympathetic preganlionic fibures to the submandibular ganglion
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| What nerve does the chorda tympani untie with? | lingual nerve branch of V3
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| Where are the postganlionic fibers of the chorda tympani distributed to? | submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
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