Digestive System
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| absorption | passage of a substance into body fluids and tissues
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| alimentary canal | the entire digestive tube from mouth to anus
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| amylase | an enzyme that converts starch or glycogen to glucose
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| anus | the outlet from rectum
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| bile | substance produced by the liver,emulsifies fat, stored in gall bladder
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| bolus | round mass of food prepared by mouth
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| cardiac sphincter | circular muscle fibers around opening of esophogus into stomach
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| cecum | pouch at the proximal end of the large intestine
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| chyme | food which has undergone gastric digestion semi- liquid food
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| colon | known as the large intestine. 5 ft in length. divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon.
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| defecation | elimination of waste material from the rectum
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| digestion | complex process of the breaking down of food to be utilized by the body
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| duodenum | first part of the small intestine beginning at pylorus.
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| emulsified | in digestion, when bile breaks up fat.
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| Enzyme | Organic catalyst that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction
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| Esophagus | A muscular tube; takes food from pharynx to the stomach
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| Feces | Waste material from the digestive system
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| Flatulence | The presence of excessive gas in the digestive tract
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| Gallbladder | A small pear-shaped organ under the right lobe of the liver; it stores bile
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| Gingiva | Gums
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| Glycogen | Polysaccharide formed and stored largely in the liver
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| Jejunum | Section of small intestine between duodenum and ileum
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| Liver | large organ of the digestive system, located in upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity
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| Mastication | Process of chewing
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| Pancreas | Organ of digestion lies behind the stomach, produces digestive juices, insulin, and glucagon
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| Parotid Salivary Gland | Largest of the salivary glands. Where you get mumps.
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| Peristalsis | Progressive wave of contraction in tubular structures provided with longitudinal and transverse muscular fibers, as in esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines
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| Ptyalin | Found in saliva; it converts starches into simple sugars
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| Pyloric Sphincter | Valve that regulates entrance of food from the stomach to the duodenum
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| Rectum | Portion of the colon that opens into the anus
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| Rugae | Wrinkles or folds
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| Stomach | A major organ of digestion; a pouch-like structure located in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity, between the esophagus and the duodenum
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| Uvula | Projection hanging from soft palate, in back of throat
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| Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix
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| Caries | decay of tooth or bone
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| Cholecystectomy | Removal of the gallbladder
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| Cholecystitits | Inflammation of the gallbladder
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| Cirrhosis | chronic, progressive inflammatory disease of the liver characterized by the formation of fibrous connective tissue, usually involves alcohol usage
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| Colostomy | Artificial opening from the colon onto the surface of the skin
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| Constipation | Difficulty or lack of defecation
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| Diarrhea | excessive elimination of watery feces
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| Diverticulosis | numerous diverticula in the colon
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| Diverticulitis | Inflammation of the wall of the colon
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| Gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach
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| Gastroenteritis | Inflammation of stomach and small intestines
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| Gingivitis | Inflammation of the gums
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| Heartburn | A burning sensation in the esophagus and stomach
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| Hemoccult | Hidden blood
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| Jaundice | Yellow Color
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| Pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas
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| Peritonitis | Inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity
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| Pyloric Stenosis | narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, affects infants
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| Ulcer, gastric | open sore in stomoach lining, caused by H. pylori
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Created by:
Connie Liles
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