Integumentary System
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| Epidermis | the most superficial layer of skin: made up avascular tissue; keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, and Langerhans cells
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| dermis | made up of vascular connective tissue
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| hypodermis | (superficial fascia) made up of loose connective tissue (adipose and areolar); anchors skin to organs; allows free movement; shock absorber and insulator
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| stratum corneum | 20-30 cell layers thick; 3/4 of epidermis
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| stratum lucidum | contains few rows of keratinocytes; only in thick skin
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| stratum granulosum | 2-3 layers of cells; keratinization starts here
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| stratum spinosum | contains keratinocytes and Langerhans cells
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| stratum basale | single row of columnar keratinocytes; has merkel cells and melanocytes; number doesn't vary but amount of pigment differs
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| dermal papillae | extensions that go into epidermis; increase friction and help gripping in papillary layer of dermis
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| keratinized stratified squamous epithelium | epidermis
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| adipose tissue | hypodermis
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| dense irregular connective tissue | dermis
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| what are the 3 layers of the skin? | epidermis, hypodermis, dermis
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| what are the functions of the hypodermis? | anchors skin to organ allows free movement and shock absorber and insulation
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| what are the 5 layers of the epidermis in order from superficial to deep? | stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
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| what are melanocytes and what layer are they located in? | their pigment determines skin color and in stratum basale
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| which layers make up the stratum germinativum? | stratum basale and stratum spinosum
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| which layer is found only in thick skin? | stratum lucidum
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| where does keratinization begin? | in the stratum granulosum
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| what are the 2 dermal layers? | papillary layer and reticular
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| what are the dermal papillae? | extensions into epidermis help with friction and gripping
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| what is a blister? | separation of epidermis and dermis
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| what is a stretch mark? | tearing of dermis
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| which 3 pigments contribute to skin color? | melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin
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| what is alopecia? | decrease of hair growth
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| what are the 3 types of sweat glands? | eccrine: sweat of 94% water
apocrine: in axillary and genital areas; sweat, protein, & fatty acids; bacteria break down and odor
ceruminous: changed apocrine glands; ear wax
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| what are the functions of the integumentary system? | protection, excretion, and body temp regulator
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| what is the classification of burns? | 1st degree: only epidermis; redness, pain, and swelling
2nd degree: epidermis and top of dermis; redness swelling pain and blisters
(1st and 2nd degree=partial thickness burns)
3rd degree: epidermis and dermis; grey white black; no pain
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| what are the 3 types of skin cancer? | Basal cell carcinoma: least malignant cancer basal go dermis; surgery
Squamous cell carcinoma: arises from stratum spinosum forms reddened papule grows & metastasizes: surgery/radiation
Malignant melanoma: cancer of melanocytes; surgery & chemotherapy
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| what is lanugo? | dowry hair in fetus in 5th and 6th month; 7th month sheds
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| what is vernix caseosa? | white cheesy-looking substance that protects fetus from the amniotic sac
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| what is the threat to burn patients and important steps of treatment? | severe loss of body fluid; dehydration and electrolyte imbalance causing renal shut down and circulatory shock
after 24 hours infection becomes threat
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