Ch. 31 Urinary System
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| ureter | connects kidneys to bladder
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| 3 functions of the kidneys | 1. Filtration
2. Reabsorbtion
3. Secretion
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| Filtration | -work done by the nephron on the blood
-water, wastes, and other substances form filtrate
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| Reabsorbtion | -occurs in the network of tubules within the kidneys
-99% of water is reabsorbed and returned to bloodstream
-good material is reabsorbed back into the body
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| Secretion | -waste products from filtrate are mixed with water to make urine
-urine is secreted from tubules into calyx, then into the renal pelvis
-from there it goes into the ureters, stored in the bladder, and then emptied through the urethra out of the body
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| renal pelvis | located at the top portion of the ureter
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| nephron | -functional unit of kidney
-1 million / kidney
-Bowman's capsule (glomerular) and glomurulus
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| glomerulonephritis | -aka glomerular disease
-inflammation of the kidneys that primarily affects glomeruli
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| bladder | -can store 16 oz / 500 mL of Urine
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| physical characteristics of urine | -clear, not cloudy
-straw colored
-mildly aromatic odor
-slightly acidic pH of 6
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| hilum | -located on the curved-in portion of the kidney
-contains the calyx and renal pelvis
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| anuria | absence of urination
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| oliguria | scanty or little urination
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| polyuria | excessive urination
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| cystitis | inflammation of bladder
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| dysuria | painful, burning, or difficult urination
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| incontinence | lack of urinary control
-stress
-overactive bladder
-urge
-overflow
-enursis (while sleeping)
-transient
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| renal calculi | kidney stones which cause obstructive disorder of the kidney
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| lithotripsy | shock waves used to break up stones (renal calculi) in the body
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| renal colic | pain that's caused by kidney stones
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| ESRP | -End-stage renal disease
-qualifies for Medicare
-last stage of kidney failure
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| dietary restrictions for those prone to kidney stones | control intake of foods containing calcium and oxalate
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| calcium-containing foods | dairy, leafy, dark green vegetables, almonds, and sardines
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| oxalate-containing foods | beets, chocolate, tea, coffee, cola, nuts, rhubarb, strawberries, wheat bran,
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| renal medulla | inner layer of kidney
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| renal cortex | outer layer of kidney
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| papilla open into this structure | renal calyx
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| Inside a nephron is the renal corpuscle which contains: | -Bowman's capsule
-glomerulus
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| urethra | tube that carries urine from the body
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| nocturia | urination at nite
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| nephritis | kidney infection
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| bacteria | causes a UTI
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| micturition | urination
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| 500 mL | how much urine a bladder can hold
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