Blood, Lymph & Immune Systems Reverse Defs.
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| hemophilia | a hereditary disorder in which there is an impairment of the blood clotting mechanism
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| hemoglobin | a specialized plasma protein containing iron which gives blood its red colour and also carries oxygen to body tissues
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| immunocompetent | ability to develop an immune response or recognize antigens and respond to them
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| edema | abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular spaces of the body
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| DIC (Dissemninated Intravascular Coagulation) | Abnormal activation of the proteins involved in blood coagulation, causing small blood clots to from in vessels and cutting off the supply of oxygen to distal tissues
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| thrombocytopenia | abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets in the bone marrow or increased destruction of platelets in the blood vessels, spleen or liver
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| hemosiderosis | abnormal increase of iron in the blood
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| leukocytosis | abnormal increase of white cells
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| lymphadenopathy | any disease of the lymph nodes
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| hemoglobinpathy | any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule
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| immunotherapy | any form of treatment that alters, enhances, stimulates, or restores the bodys natural immune mechanisms to treat disease
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| von Willebrand disease | bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor, a "sticky" protein that lines blood vessels and reacts with platelets to form a plug that leads to clot formation
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| antiserum | blood serum that contains antibodies
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| megakarycyte | cells with a large nucleus; fragments become platelets
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| cytokline | chemical substance produced by certain cells that initiates, inhibits, increases, or decreases activity in other cells
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| pernicious anemia | chronic, progressive anemia found mostly in people older than age 50 due to lack of sufficient vitamin B12 needed for blood cell development
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| blood | composed of a liquid portion called plasma, and a solid portion containing RBCs, WBCs and platelets
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| Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) | complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the transplant produces antibodies against recipient's organs that can be severe enough to cause death
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| phagocytosis | condition of ingesting cells
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| leukopenia | decrease in white blood cells
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| thrombocytopenia | decrease of platelets
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| erythropenia | decreased red blood cells
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| antimicrobials | destroy bacteria, fungi, and protoza, depending on the particular drug, generally by interfering with the functions of their cell membrane or their reproductive cycle
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| thrombolysis | destruction of a clot
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| hemolytic anemia | destruction of RBCs, commonly resulting in jaundice
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| erythrocytolosis | destruction of red cells
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| dyspnea | difficulty breathing
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| adenopathy | disease of a gland
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| thrombolytics | dissolve blood clots by destroying their fibrin strands
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| vertigo | dizziness
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| myeloblast | embryonic WBC formed in bone marrow
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| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen
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| autoimmune disease | failure of the body to accurately distinguish between what is "self" and what is "non-self"
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| hematopoeisis | formation of blood cells and platelets in the bone marrow
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| bone marrow MRI | highly sensitive imaging procedure that detects lesions and changes in bone tissue and bone marrow, especially in multiple myeloma
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| allergy injections | injection with increasing strenghts of the offending antigen given over a period of months or years to increase tolerance to an antigen responsible for severe allergies
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| reticulocyte | immature RBC
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| folic-acid deficiency anemia | inability to produce sufficient red blood cells due to the lack of folic acid, a B vitamin essential for erythropoeisis
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| transfusion | infusion of blood or blood products from one person to another
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| homologus BM transplant | infusion of bone marrow or stem cells from a compatible donor after a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation; also called allogenic transplant
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| bone marrow transplant | infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the diseased bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy; used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers
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| autologous BM transplant | infusion of the patients own bone marrow or stem cells after a course of chemotherapy and/ or radiation therapy
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| sickle cell anemia | inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become crescent or sickle shaped when oxygen levels are low
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| lymphoscintigraphy | introduction of a radioactive tracer into the lymph channels to determine lymph flow, identify obstructions, and locate the sentinel node
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| iron-deficiency anemia | lack of sufficient iron in RBCs
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| monocyte | leukocyte that is phagocytic; has a large nucleus
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| eosinophil | leukocyte that protects the body by releasing toxins to destroy harmful invaders
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| basophil | leukocyte that releases histamines and heparin; slightly phagocytic
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| hematoma | localized accumulation of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space or tissue due to a break in or severing of a blood vessel
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| hypotension | low blood pressure
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| multiple myeloma | malignant tumour of plasma cells in the bone marrow
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| erythrocyte | mature red blood cell
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| antifibrinolytics | neutralize fibrinolytic chemicals in the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and urinary tract to prevent the breakdown of blood clots
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| monospot test | nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of the heterophile antibody, which develops several days after injection by Epstein-Barr virus, the organism that caused infectious mononucleosis
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| phlebotomy | obtaining blood for the purpose of testing
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| immunologist | one who specializes in the study of protection
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| thrombocythemia | overproduction of platelets, leading to thrombosis or bleeding disorders due to platelet malformations
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| hypochromic | pertaining to decrease of colour
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| thrombocyte | platelet; initiates blood clotting
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| sepsis | presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; also called septicemia or blood poisioning
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| fat-soluble vitamins | prevent and treat bleeding disorders resulting from a lack of prothrombin, which is commonly caused by vitamin K deficiency
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| anticoagulants | prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting the synthesis or inactivating one or more clotting factors
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| antivirals | prevent replication of viruses within host cells
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| graft rejection | process in which a recipients immune system attacks a transplanted organ or tissue
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| antibody (Ab) | protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a foreign substance called an antigen
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| tachycardia | rapid heart beat
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| erythema | redness of skin
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| anemia | reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells
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| bone marrow aspiration | removal of a small sample of bone marrow using a thin aspirating needle for microscopic examination
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| lymphadenectomy | removal of lymph nodes, especially in surgical procedures undertaken to remove malignant tissue
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| sentinel node excision | removal of the first lymph node that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells
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| thymectomy | removal/excision of the thymus gland
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| myeloid | resembling bone marrow
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| complete blood count (CBC) | series of tests that includes hemoglobin; hematocrit; red and white blood cell counts; platelet count; and differnetial count; also called hemogram
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| aplastic anemia | serious form of anemia associated with bone marrow failure and resulting in erythropenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia
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| natural killer cell (NK) | specialized lymphocytes that kill abnormal cells by releasing chemicals that destroy the cell membrane, causing its intercellular fluids to leak out
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| hemocytoblast | stem cell, from which other blood cells develop
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| antigen | substance, recognized as harmful to the host, that stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual
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| bile pigment | substances derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted by the liver
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| lymphedema | swelling, primarily in a single arm, or leg, due to an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels
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| partial prothrombin time (PTT) | test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot to screen for deficincies of some clotting factors; also called activated partial thromboplastin time
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| prothrombin time (PT) | test that measures the time it takes for prothrombin to form a clot; also called pro time
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| blood culture | test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream
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| shilling test | test used to diagnose pernicious anemia by determining if the body properly absorbs vitamin B12 through the digestive tract
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| antinuclear antibody (ANA) | test to identify antibodies that attack the nucleus of the indivuals own body cells
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| plasma | the liquid portion of blood where blood cells are suspended
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| neutrophil | the most numerous white cell, highly phagocytic
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| morphology | the study of shape
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| viscous | thick,sticky
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