Final Study Guide
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| pH of blood | 7.35 - 7.45
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| temperature of blood | 100.4*F
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| composition of blood plasma | Albumin, Globulins & Fibrinogen (proteins) & water
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| liquid component of blood | plasma
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| plasma protein involved in blood clotting | fibrinogen
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| protein that converts fibrinogen into fibrin | thrombin
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| plasma proteins involved with osmotic pressure | albumin
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| plasma proteins involved with antibody and lipid transport | globulins
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| which blood cells are oxygen transporting & carry hemoglobin? | RBCs (erythrocytes)
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| the study of blood vessels | angiology
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| give rise to lymphocytes | lymphoid stem cells
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| give rise to blood cells other than lymphocytes | myeloid stem cells
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| the formed elements of blood | leukocytes (WBCs), erythrocytes (RBCs) & platelets
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| which cells transform into macrophages? | monocytes
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| process by which blood cells are formed | hematopoiesis
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| site of hematopoiesis | bone marrow
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| Esophageal Arteries: parietal or visceral? | visceral
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| Esophageal Arteries: thoracic or abdominal? | thoracic
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| Esophageal Arteries: paired or unpaired? | unpaired
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| Superior Phrenic Arteries: parietal or visceral? | parietal
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| Superior Phrenic Arteries: thoracic or abdominal? | thoracic
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| Superior Phrenic Arteries: paired or unpaired? | paired
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| Inferior Phrenic Arteries: parietal or visceral? | parietal
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| Inferior Phrenic Arteries: thoracic or abdominal? | abdominal
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| Inferior Phrenic Arteries: paired or unpaired? | paired
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| Posterior Intercostal Arteries: parietal or visceral? | parietal
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| Posterior Intercostal Arteries: thoracic or abdominal? | thoracic
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| Posterior Intercostal Arteries: paired or unpaired? | paired
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| Subcostal Arteries: parietal or visceral? | parietal
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| Subcostal Arteries: thoracic or abdominal? | thoracic
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| Subcostal Arteries: paired or unpaired? | paired
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| Superior Mesenteric Artery: parietal or visceral? | visceral
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| Superior Mesenteric Artery: thoracic or abdominal? | abdominal
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| Superior Mesenteric Artery: paired or unpaired? | unpaired
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| Inferior Mesenteric Artery: parietal or visceral? | visceral
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| Inferior Mesenteric Artery: thoracic or abdominal? | abdominal
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| Inferior Mesenteric Artery: paired or unpaired? | unpaired
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| Renal Arteries: parietal or visceral? | visceral
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| Renal Arteries: thoracic or abdominal? | abdominal
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| Renal Arteries: paired or unpaired? | paired
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| 3 branches of the celiac trunk | 1. left gastric artery
2. splenic artery
3. common hepatic artery
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| Is the deep palmar arch a branch of the subclavian? | NO
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| 4 branches of the Left Subclavian Artery | 1. vertebral artery
2. internal thoracic artery
3. thyrocervical trunk
4. costocervical trunk
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| 2 branches of the Brachiocephalic Artery | 1. right subclavian
2. right common carotid
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| what artery is formed by the convergence of the left & right vertebral arteries? | basilar artery
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| Which blood vessel layer is made of endothelial tissue? | tunica intima
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| Which blood vessel layer is made of connective tissue? | tunica externa
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| Which blood vessel layer is made of smooth muscle tissue? | tunica media
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| Which layer of the heart muscle is the thickest? | myocardium
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| outer layer of the serous pericardium | parietal pericardium
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| inner layer of the serous pericardium | visceral pericardium
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| external layer of the heart wall | epicardium
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| inner layer of the heart wall | endocardium
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| middle layer of the heart wall | myocardium
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| visceral layer of the serous pericardium | epicardium
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| Scarpa's Triangle: lateral border | sartorius
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| Scarpa's Triangle: medial border | adductor longus
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| Scarpa's Triangle: superior border | inguinal ligament
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| Are the vertebral arteries part of the Circle of Willis? | NO
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| 9 vessels of the Circle of Willis | - anterior communicating artery
- R&L internal carotid arteries
- R&L anterior cerebral arteries
- R&L posterior cerebral arteries
- R&L posterior communicating arteries
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| 4 branches of the internal carotid | 1. ophthalmic
2. anterior cerebral
3. middle cerebral
4. posterior communicating
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| 8 branches of the external carotid | 1. facial
2. posterior auricular
3. ascending pharyngeal
4. superficial temporal (terminal branch)
5. maxillary (terminal branch)
6. superior thyroid
7. lingual
8. occiptal
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| upper extremity arteries (order) | 1. brachiocephalic
2. subclavian
3. axillary
4. brachial
5. radial
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| lower extremity arteries (order) | 1. common iliac
2. external iliac
3. femoral
4. popliteal
5. anterior tibial
6. dorsalis pedis
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| order of vessels off of the aorta | 1. brachiocephalic
2. left common carotid
3. left subclavian
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| terminal branches of the aorta | 1. common iliac
2. median sacral
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| order of blood vessels from & back to the heart | 1. arteries
2. arterioles
3. capillaries
4. venules
5. veins
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| AG: femoral artery | center of Scarpa's triangle (lateral: sartorius, medial: adductor longus)
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| AL: femoral artery | begins: inguinal ligament
ends: opening of adductor magnus
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| LG: femoral artery | from center of inguinal ligament to medial condyle of femur
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| AG: external iliac | inferior medial border of psoas major
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| AL: external iliac | from bifurcation of common iliac to a point beneath inguinal ligament (oblique along psoas major)
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| AG: axillary artery* | medial border of coracobrachialis
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| AL: axillary artery* | begins: lateral border of 1st rib
ends: tendon of teres major
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| LG: axillary artery | center of axillary space
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| AG: ulnar artery* | lateral to flexor carpi ulnaris
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| AL: ulnar artery* | begins: antecubital fossa
ends: palm of hand
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| LG: ulnar artery* | center of antecubital fossa to 4th & 5th fingers
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| AG: brachial artery | biceps brachii
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| AL: brachial artery | begins: teres major
ends: antecubital fossa
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| LG: brachial artery | axillary space to antecubital fossa
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| AG: anterior tibial artery | inferior & lateral edge of tibia
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| AL: anterior tibial artery | begins: inferior border of patella
ends: anterior surface of ankle
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| LG: anterior tibial artery* | lateral border of patella to anterior surface of ankle
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| AG: common iliac artery* | superior medial border of psoas major
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| AG: common carotid artery | medial border of SCM; between trachea & SCM
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| AL: right common carotid | begins: sternoclavicular articulation
ends: superior border of thyroid cartilage
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| esophageal arteries supply... | esophagus
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| inferior phrenic arteries supply... | diaphragm
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| superior phrenic arteris supply... | posterior part of upper surface of diaphragm
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| posterior intercostal arteries supply... | intercostal spaces
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| subcostal arteries supply... | area below 12th rib
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| superior mesenteric artery supplies... | small intestine & proximal portion of large intestine
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| inferior mesenteric artery supplies... | distal portion of large intestine
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| renal arteries supply... | kidneys
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| vessels that provide blood to the outer layers of the large blood vessels | vasa vasorum
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| "vessels of the vessels" | vasa vasorum
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| intercostal veins drain into... | azygos sytem
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| location of great & small saphenous veins | thigh & leg/lower extremity
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| blood from most of the tissues of the brain drains into... | dural sinuses
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| blood from most of the abdominal organs drains into... | hepatic portal system
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| right & left brachiocephalics drain into... | superior vena cava
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| returns systemic blood superior to the diaphragm to the right atrium | superior vena cava
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| suprarenal vein drains into... | inferior vena cava
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| inferior phrenic vein drains into... | inferior vena cava
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| hepatic vein drains into... | inferior vena cava
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| a hole in the interatrial septum | foramen ovale
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| becomes the fossa ovalis | foramen ovale
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| a shunt from the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch | ductus arteriosus
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| becomes the ligamentum arteriosum | ductus arteriosus
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| branch from the internal iliac arteries & carry blood to the placenta to pick up oxygen & nutrients | paired umbilical arteries
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| become the medial umbilical ligaments | paired umbilical arteries
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| returns blood from the placenta to the fetus | unpaired umbilical vein
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| becomes the ligamentum teres (round ligament) | unpaired umbilical vein
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| shunts some blood away from the fetal liver | ductus venosus
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| becomes the ligamentum venosum | ductus venosus
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| located at the union of lumbar & intestinal trunks | cisterna chyli
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| largest organ of lymphatic system | spleen
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| site of T lymphocyte maturation | thymus
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| lymphocytes that attach primarily eukaryotic cells and viruses | T cells
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| lymphocytes that multiply to become plasma cells & secrete antibodies | B cells
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| the lymphatic structure that filters & cleans the lymph of pathogens | cervical & axillary lymph nodes
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| largest tonsils | palatine
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| tonsils that are most infected during childhood | palatine
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| where is MALT especially abundant? | aggregated lymph nodules & Peyer's Patches
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| MALT is also especially concentrated in the... | appendix
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| lymphatic duct present in all individuals | thoracic duct
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| lymphatic duct that drains the right upper quarter | right lymphatic duct
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| when 2 distal ends of arteries or veins join together | anastomoses
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| the vein that does not have a companion vein and descends vertically through the neck on the SCM | azygos vein
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| vertebral veins descend through... | the transverse foramina of C1-C6
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| dural sinuses drain into... | the internal jugular
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