Mr. Mathena Chapter 8 Muscles Quiz
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| fascia | layers of fibrous connective tissue that separate an individual skeletal muscle from adjacent muscles and hold it in position
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| aponeuroses | a sheet of connective tissue by which certain muscles are attached to adjacent muscles
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| myofibrils | contractile fibers within muscle cells
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| myosin | a protein that, with actin, contracts and relaxes muscle fibers
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| actin | a protein that, with myosin, contracts muscle fibers
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| sarcomere | the segment of a myofibril from one Z line to the next Z line
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| sarcoplasmic reticulum | membranous network of channels and tubules within a muscle fiber corresponding to the endoplasmic reticulum of other cells
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| transverse tubules | membranous channel that extends inward from a muscle fiber membrane and passes through the fiber
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| motor neuron | a neuron that transmits impulses from the central nervous system to an effector
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| motor unit | a motor neuron and its associated muscle fibers
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| motor end plate | specialized portion of muscle fiber membrane at a neuromuscular junction
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| neuromuscular junction | point of contact between a nerve cell and muscle cell
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| neurotransmitter | chemical that an axon end secretes to stimulate a muscle fiber to contract or a neuron to fire an impulse
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| troponin and tropomyosin | proteins that are part of the actin filament
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| ATPase | enzyme that causes ATP molecules to release the energy stored in their terminal phosphate bonds
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| acetylcholine | a type of neurotransmitter, which is a biochemical secreted at axon ends of many neurons, transmits nerve messages across synapsis
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| acetylcholinesterase | an enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of acetylcholine
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| creatine phosphate | a muscle biochemical that stores energy
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| myoglobin | temporarily stores oxygen and reduces a muscle's requirement for a continuous blood supply during muscular contraction
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| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen required after physical exercise to convert accumulated lactic acid to glucose
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| all-or-none response | phenomenon in which a muscle fiber completely contracts when it is exposed to a stimulus of threshold strength
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| summation | increased force of contraction by a skeletal muscle fiber when twitches occur so rapidly that the next twtich occurs before the previous twitch relaxes
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| recruitment | an increase in the number of motor units being activated
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| muscle tone | even when a muscle appears to be at rest, a certain amount of sustained contraction is occurring in its fibers
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| multiunit smooth muscle | the muscle fibers are separate rather than organized into sheets
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| visceral smooth muscle | composed of sheets of spindle-shaped cells in close contact with one another
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| peristalsis | rhythmic waves of muscular contraction in the walls of certain tubular organs; due to transmission of impulses from cell to cell and rhythmicity
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| origin | the immovable end of the muscle
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| insertion | movable end of muscle
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| prime mover (agonist) | muscle responsible for a particular body movement
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| antagonist | resist a prime movers action and cause the movement in the opposite direction
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| synergists | muscles that contract and assist the prime mover
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