ch 12 vocab part 2
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| Immune System | The body's defenders against these tiny but mighty enemies are two systems, simply called he innate and the adaptive defense systems. Together make up this.
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| Innate Defense System | Also called the nonspecific defense system, responds immediately to protect the body from all foreign substances, whatever they are.
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| Non-Specific Defense System | Also called the innate defense system.
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| Immunity | The resulting highly specific resistance to disease is called immunity (immun=free).
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| Pathogens | Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms.
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| Lysozyme | Saliva and lacrimal fluid contain this, an enzyme that destroys bacteria.
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| Natural Killer Cells | Roam the body in blood and lymph. A unique group of aggressive lymphocytes that can lyse and kill cancer cells, virus-infected body cells, and some other nonspecific targets well before the adaptive arm of the immune system is enlisted in the fight.
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| Inflammatory Response | A nonspecific response that is triggered whenever body tissues are injured.
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| Histamine | Cause blood vessels in the involved area to dilate and capillaries to become leaky. Activate pain receptors. Attract phagocytes and white blood cells to the area.
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| Kinins | Cause blood vessels in the involved are to dilate and capillaries to become leaky. Activate pain receptors. Attract phagocytes and white blood cells to the area.
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| Diapedesis | At the point where the chemical signal is the strongest, they flatten out and squeeze through the capillary walls.
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| Pus | A mixture of dead or dying neutrophils, broken down tissue cells, and living and dead pathogens.
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| Phagocytes | (fa’go-sitz”; phago = eat) in nearly every body organ. A phagocyte such as a macrophage or neutrophil, engulfs a foreign particle much the way an amoeba ingests a food particle.
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| Antimicrobial Proteins | Enhance the innate defenses either by attacking microorganisms directly or by hindering their ability to reproduce. The most important of these are complement proteins and interferon.
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| Complement | Refers to a group of at least 20 plasma proteins that circulate in the blood in an inactive state.
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| Complement Fixation | Occurs when complement proteins bind to certain sugars or proteins (such as antibodies) on the foreign cells surface.
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| Membrane Attack Complex | Produce lesions, complete with holes, in the foreign cell's surface.
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| Interferons | Help defend cells that have not yet been infected by secreting small proteins. They diffuse to nearby cells and bind to their membrane receptors.
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| Fever | Abnormally high body temperature, is a systemic response to invading microorganisms.
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| Pyrogens | (pyro=fire), chemicals secreted by white blood cells and macrophages exposed to foreign cells or substances in the body.
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| Immune Response | Immune system's response to threat. Involves tremendously increased internal nonspecific defenses (inflammatory responses to others) and also provides protection that is carefully targeted against specific antigens.
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| Humoral Immunity | Also called- Antibody-mediated immunity, is provided by antibodies present in the body's "humors," or fluids.
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| Cellular Immunity | Or- cell-mediated immunity because the protective factor is living cells.
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| Antigen | Any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response.
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| Self-Antigens | Non-reactive against "self" antigens under normal homeostatic conditions due to negative selection of T cells in the thymus and identifies and attacks only "non-self" invaders from modified/harmful substances present in the body in distressed conditions.
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| Hapten | Or- incomplete antigen. Found in poison ivy, animal dander, and even in some detergents, hair dyes, cosmetics, and other commonly used household and industrial products.
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| Penicillin Reaction | Provoking an immune response involves the binding of penicillin to blood proteins. Which causes this in some people.
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| B Lymphocytes | Or B cells, produce antibodies and oversee humoral immunity.
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| T Lymphocytes | Or T cells, are non-antibody-producing lymphocytes that constitute the cell-mediated arm of the adaptive defense system.
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| Immunocompetent | Having a normal immune response.
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| Antigen-Presenting Cells | (APCs) To engulf antigens and then present fragments of them, like signal flags, on their own surfaces where they can be recognized by T cells.
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