Chabner Chapter 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Apnea | Not breathing.
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| Anoxia | Without oxygen (decrease in tissues).
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| Abnormal | Pertaining to away from the norm (rule); not regular.
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| Abductor | One who (muscle which) leads away from the body.
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| Adductor | One who (muscle which) leads toward the body.
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| adrenal glands | Endocrine glands located above (toward) the kidneys.
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| Anabolism | Process of casting (building) up materials (proteins) within cells.
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| Analysis | To separate (apart). Psychoanalysis is a psychiatric treatment that explores the mind.
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| ante cibum | Before meals.
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| Anteflexion | Bending forward.
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| Antepartum | Before birth.
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| Antisepsis | Condition against infection.
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| Antibiotic | Pertaining to against life (germ life).
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| Antibody | Protein substance made in the body to destroy foreign antigens.
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| Antigen | A substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of antibodies.
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| Antitoxin | A substance (antibody) produced in response to and capable of neutralizing a toxin (such as those causing diphtheria or tetanus
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| autoimmune disease | A condition related to making antibodies (immune substances) against one's own (auto-) cells and tissues.
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| Bifurcation | Forking (branching) into two
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| Bilateral | Pertaining to two sides.
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| Bradycardia | Condition of slow heartbeat.
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| Catabolism | Process of casting down materials (sugar) to release energy in cells.
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| congenital anomaly | Irregularity at birth.
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| Connect | to tie (bind) together.
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| Contraindication | To point out against; as reasons why a drug should not be taken.
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| Contralateral | Pertaining to the opposite side.
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| Dehydration | Condition of lack of water.
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| Diameter | To measure through; as the diameter of a circle.
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| Diarrhea | To flow through; water is not properly absorbed through the walls of the colon.
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| Dialysis | Complete separation; two types are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
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| Dyspnea | Difficult breathing.
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| Dysplasia | Abnormal ("bad") development or formation.
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| ectopic pregnancy | Pregnancy out of the normal place (usually in the fallopian tubes).
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| Endocardium | Inner lining (membrane) of the heart.
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| Endoscope | Instrument to view within the body; gastroscope, bronchoscope, laparoscope.
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| Endotracheal | Pertaining to within the trachea.
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| Epithelium | Skin cell; literally, "upon a nipple."
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| Euphoria | Good feeling, "high."
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| Euthyroid | Normal thyroid function.
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| Exophthalmos | Eyeballs that protrude.
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| Hemiglossectomy | Removal of half the tongue.
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| Hyperglycemia | Increase in blood sugar.
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| Hyperplasia | Condition of increased formation (increase in number of cells).
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| Hypertrophy | Increase in development; increase in size of cells.
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| hypodermic injection | Use of a needle and syringe to force liquid under the skin.
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| Hypoglycemia | Decrease in blood sugar.
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| Insomniac | Pertaining to inability to sleep.
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| Incision | Process of cutting into; sectioning.
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| Infracostal | Pertaining to below ribs.
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| Intercostal | Pertaining to between the ribs.
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| Intravenous | Pertaining to within a vein.
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| Macrocephaly | Pertaining to an enlarged head; a congenital anomaly.
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| Malignant | Harmful, bad; cancerous condition.
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| Malaise | Feeling of discomfort; "bad feeling."
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| metacarpal bones | Five hand bones (beyond the wrist).
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| Metamorphosis | Condition of change of shape or form..
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| Metastasis | Beyond control; spreading of a malignant tumor.
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| Microscope | Instrument to view small objects.
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| Neonatal | Pertaining to a newborn (infant).
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| Neoplasm | New growth; new formation (tumor).
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| Pancytopenia | Condition of decrease in all cells (blood cells).
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| Paralysis | Abnormal destruction (of nerves) leading to loss of muscle function.
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| parathyroid glands | Endocrine glands located near (on the dorsal side of) the thyroid gland.
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| Percutaneous | Pertaining to through the skin.
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| Pericardium | Membrane surrounding the heart.
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| Periosteum | Membrane surrounding the bone.
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| Polymorphonuclear | Pertaining to a many-shaped nucleus; a type of white blood cell.
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| Polyneuritis | Inflammation of many nerves.
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| Postmortem | After death.
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| Postpartum | After childbirth; this most often refers to the mother.
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| Precancerous | Pertaining to before cancer; a lesion that may become cancerous.
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| Prenatal | Pertaining to before birth.
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| Prodrome | Signs and symptoms that appear before the onset of a more severe illness.
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| Prolapse | Sliding forward or downward.
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| Pseudocyesis | State of false pregnancy.
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| Relapse | A sliding back; recurrence of symptoms of disease.
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| Remission | To send back; disappearance of symptoms of disease.
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| Retroperitoneal | Pertaining to behind the peritoneum.
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| Retroflexion | Bending backward.
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| Subcutaneous | Pertaining to under the skin.
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| Suprapubic | Pertaining to above the pubic bone (part of the pelvis).
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| Syndactyly | Condition of webbed (held together) fingers or toes; a congenital anomaly.
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| Synthesis | To put or place together, as in protein synthesis or photosynthesis.
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| Syndrome | A group of symptoms that run (occur) together.
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| Symbiosis | Condition or state of "life together"
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| Symmetry | State of "measurement together"; equality of parts; mirror images.
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| Symphysis | To grow together; bones that grow together at the joint.
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| Tachypnea | Rapid breathing.
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| Transfusion | To pour across, as in transferring blood from one person to another.
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| Transurethral | Pertaining to through the urethra.
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| Ultrasonography | Process of recording ultrasound (beyond the normal range) waves.
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| Unilateral | Pertaining to one side.
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