2016-2017 Unit 8 Test Review
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| anatomy | Study of structures of the body
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| physiology | Study of the functions of the structures of the body
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| pathophysiology | Study of the processes of disease in the body
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| cells | Microscopic structures that carry out all functions of life
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| tissues | Cells of similar type join together for a common purpose
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| epithelial tissue | Covers surface of the body; lining of organs & body cavities
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| connective tissue | Supports organs & body parts
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| 4 types of tissue | epithelial, connective, nerve and muscle
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| nerve tissue | controls & coordinates body activities by transmitting messages
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| muscle tissue | produces power and movement
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| integumentary system | hair, nails, skin, sweat and oil glands
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| integumetnary sysytem | helps regulate body temperature; protect body from dehydration, infection and injury
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| skeletal system | bones and cartilage
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| skeletal system | creates structure and framework of the body; produces blood cells; protects internal organs
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| muscular system | skeletal, visceral (smooth) & cardiac muscles
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| muscular system | contract and relax to enable body movements; generate heat
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| nervous system | nerves, brain, spinal cord and special sense organs
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| nervous system | sends electrical messages throughout body to coordinate and control body activities
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| circulatory or cardiovascular system | heart, blood vessels and blood
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| circulatory or cardiovascular system | transports blood around body to deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products
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| lymphatic system | lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, tonsils and thymus glad
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| lymphatic system | removes waste from tissues, helps with immunity and absorbs fat and fat-soluble vitamins from the small intestine
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| respiratory system | lungs, nose, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
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| respiratory system | exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide
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| digestive system | mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancrease
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| digestive system | physical/chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; transports food and eliminates waste
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| urinary system | kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra
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| urinary system | filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance; eliminates waste via urine
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| endocrine system | pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal and gonads
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| endocrine system | secretes hormones to regulate body processes
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| reproductive system | females: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breasts
males: testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis
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| reproductive system | enables reproduction
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| organs | two or more tissues join together to perform a specific function
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| body systems | several organs and body parts join together for a common function
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| Right Atrium | chamber that receives oxygen-poor blood from the body
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| Mitral Valve | controls bloodflow between the left atrium and left ventricle
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| Left Ventricle | chamber that pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body
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| Vena Cava | inferior and superior blood vessels that receive oxygen-poor blood from the body
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| Pulmonary Veins | blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs
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| Aortic Valve | controls bloodflow between the left ventricle and aorta
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| Pulmonary Arteries | blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
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| Tricuspid Valve | controls bloodflow between the right atrium and right ventricle
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| Pulmonary Valve | controls bloodflow between the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries
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| Left Atrium | chamber that receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs
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| Lungs | organs of respiration
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| Right Ventricle | chamber that pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
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| Aorta | blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood to be distributed throughout the body
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| Anemia | Inadequate number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or both
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| Aneurysm | Saclike formation in the wall of an artery
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| Arteriosclerosis | Hardening or thickening of the arterial walls
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| Atherosclerosis | A fatty deposit on the walls of arteries
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| Embolus | foreign substance circulating in the blood vessels
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| Hemophilia | Disease characterized by failure of the blood to clot
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| Hypertension | High blood pressure
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| Leukemia | Malignant disease with large numbers of immature white blood cells
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| Myocardial Infarction (heart attack) | Blockage in the coronary arteries of the heart
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| Phlebitis | Inflammation of the veins with formation of a clot
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| Varicose veins | Dilated swollen veins
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| Pulse | pressure of blood pushing against the wall of an artery as the heart pumps
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| Pulse Sites | radial (wrist) and carotid (neck)
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| Blood Pressure | Measure of the pressure blood exerts on the walls of arteries
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| CPR | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
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| AED | Automated External Defibrillator
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| Normal Pulse at rest | 60-100 beats per min
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| Normal blood pressure | 120/80
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| Blood pressure is taken above which artery | Brachial Artery
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| Actions if see an adult or teen suddenly collapse | 1. Ensure scene is safe, 2. Tap shoulder & ask if ok, 3. yell for help, 4. Call 911 & get an AED, 5. Check for breathing, and if not breathing start CPR & 6) if breathing, look for obvious signs (bleeding, broken bones) of injury and medical tag.
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| During CPR, push the chest hard enough to move the chest? | 2 inches
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| Nose | Opening where air enters
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| Nasal Cavity | Hollow space in the nose lined with mucous membranes; As air enters, it is warmed, filtered, & moistened
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| Cilia | tiny hair-like structures that trap dirt/particles
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| Sinuses | Cavities in the skull which help in voice resonance
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| Pharynx | Throat (helps carry air to the lungs & food to the stomach)
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| Epiglottis | cartilage flap that prevents food from entering the respiratory tract
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| Larynx | Voicebox (vocal cords vibrate to produce speech when air exits the lungs)
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| Trachea | Windpipe (tube from the larynx to the chest)
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| Bronchus | Lower end of the trachea that divides to connect to the lungs
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| Bronchiole | Lower/smaller bronchi within the lungs
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| Alveoli | Cluster of thin-walled sacs surrounded by capillaries that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
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| Lungs | Organs of respiration
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| Diaphragm | Muscle that makes breathing possible
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| Ventilation | the process of breathing
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| Inspiration | (inhalation) the diaphragm contracts (moves down) and the rib cage expands
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| Expiration | (exhalation) the diaphragm relaxes (moves up) and the rib cage returns to normal
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| External Respiration | Exchange of carbon dioxide & oxygen between the lungs and blood stream
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| Internal Respiration | Exchange of carbon dioxide & oxygen between the tissue cells and blood stream
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| Asthma | Narrowed bronchioles caused by spasms/swelling (triggered by allergies or exercise)
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| Bronchitis | Inflammation (swelling) of the bronchial tubes (caused by infection)
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| Emphysema | A non-infectious, chronic disease where the walls of alveoli deteriorate and lose their elasticity.
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| Epistaxis | nosebleed
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| Influenza | Viral infection that causes coughing, sneezing, fatigue, body aches and contagious with a quick onset
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| Laryngitis | Inflammation of the voicebox
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| Lung Cancer | Abnormal cell growth found mainly in the lungs of smokers
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| Pneumonia | Lung infection of the alveoli
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| Rhinitis | Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes
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| Sinusitis | Inflammation of the mucous membranes in the sinuses
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| Tuberculosis | Infectious bacterial lung disease where lesions form in the lungs that can spread (Highly contagious)
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| Transverse plane | horizontal plane that divides body into a top and bottom half
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| Midsagittal plane | divides the body into a right and left side
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| Frontal or Coronal Plane | divides the body into a front section (ventral or anterior) and back section (dorsal or posterior)
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| Superior | body parts above the transverse plane
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| Inferior | body parts below the transverse planeC
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| Cranial | body parts near the head
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| Cadaul | body parts near the sacral region of the spinal column
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| Medial | body parts close to the midline of the body
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| Lateral | body parts away from the midline of the body
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| Ventral or Anterior | front side of the body
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| Dorsal or Posterior | backside of the body
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| Proximal | body parts close to the point of reference
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| Distal | body parts furthest from the point of reference.
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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