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2016-17 PHS Unit 8
2016-2017 Unit 8 Test Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anatomy | Study of structures of the body |
| physiology | Study of the functions of the structures of the body |
| pathophysiology | Study of the processes of disease in the body |
| cells | Microscopic structures that carry out all functions of life |
| tissues | Cells of similar type join together for a common purpose |
| epithelial tissue | Covers surface of the body; lining of organs & body cavities |
| connective tissue | Supports organs & body parts |
| 4 types of tissue | epithelial, connective, nerve and muscle |
| nerve tissue | controls & coordinates body activities by transmitting messages |
| muscle tissue | produces power and movement |
| integumentary system | hair, nails, skin, sweat and oil glands |
| integumetnary sysytem | helps regulate body temperature; protect body from dehydration, infection and injury |
| skeletal system | bones and cartilage |
| skeletal system | creates structure and framework of the body; produces blood cells; protects internal organs |
| muscular system | skeletal, visceral (smooth) & cardiac muscles |
| muscular system | contract and relax to enable body movements; generate heat |
| nervous system | nerves, brain, spinal cord and special sense organs |
| nervous system | sends electrical messages throughout body to coordinate and control body activities |
| circulatory or cardiovascular system | heart, blood vessels and blood |
| circulatory or cardiovascular system | transports blood around body to deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products |
| lymphatic system | lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, tonsils and thymus glad |
| lymphatic system | removes waste from tissues, helps with immunity and absorbs fat and fat-soluble vitamins from the small intestine |
| respiratory system | lungs, nose, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi |
| respiratory system | exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| digestive system | mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancrease |
| digestive system | physical/chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; transports food and eliminates waste |
| urinary system | kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra |
| urinary system | filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance; eliminates waste via urine |
| endocrine system | pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal and gonads |
| endocrine system | secretes hormones to regulate body processes |
| reproductive system | females: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breasts males: testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis |
| reproductive system | enables reproduction |
| organs | two or more tissues join together to perform a specific function |
| body systems | several organs and body parts join together for a common function |
| Right Atrium | chamber that receives oxygen-poor blood from the body |
| Mitral Valve | controls bloodflow between the left atrium and left ventricle |
| Left Ventricle | chamber that pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body |
| Vena Cava | inferior and superior blood vessels that receive oxygen-poor blood from the body |
| Pulmonary Veins | blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs |
| Aortic Valve | controls bloodflow between the left ventricle and aorta |
| Pulmonary Arteries | blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs |
| Tricuspid Valve | controls bloodflow between the right atrium and right ventricle |
| Pulmonary Valve | controls bloodflow between the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries |
| Left Atrium | chamber that receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs |
| Lungs | organs of respiration |
| Right Ventricle | chamber that pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs |
| Aorta | blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood to be distributed throughout the body |
| Anemia | Inadequate number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or both |
| Aneurysm | Saclike formation in the wall of an artery |
| Arteriosclerosis | Hardening or thickening of the arterial walls |
| Atherosclerosis | A fatty deposit on the walls of arteries |
| Embolus | foreign substance circulating in the blood vessels |
| Hemophilia | Disease characterized by failure of the blood to clot |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure |
| Leukemia | Malignant disease with large numbers of immature white blood cells |
| Myocardial Infarction (heart attack) | Blockage in the coronary arteries of the heart |
| Phlebitis | Inflammation of the veins with formation of a clot |
| Varicose veins | Dilated swollen veins |
| Pulse | pressure of blood pushing against the wall of an artery as the heart pumps |
| Pulse Sites | radial (wrist) and carotid (neck) |
| Blood Pressure | Measure of the pressure blood exerts on the walls of arteries |
| CPR | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
| AED | Automated External Defibrillator |
| Normal Pulse at rest | 60-100 beats per min |
| Normal blood pressure | 120/80 |
| Blood pressure is taken above which artery | Brachial Artery |
| Actions if see an adult or teen suddenly collapse | 1. Ensure scene is safe, 2. Tap shoulder & ask if ok, 3. yell for help, 4. Call 911 & get an AED, 5. Check for breathing, and if not breathing start CPR & 6) if breathing, look for obvious signs (bleeding, broken bones) of injury and medical tag. |
| During CPR, push the chest hard enough to move the chest? | 2 inches |
| Nose | Opening where air enters |
| Nasal Cavity | Hollow space in the nose lined with mucous membranes; As air enters, it is warmed, filtered, & moistened |
| Cilia | tiny hair-like structures that trap dirt/particles |
| Sinuses | Cavities in the skull which help in voice resonance |
| Pharynx | Throat (helps carry air to the lungs & food to the stomach) |
| Epiglottis | cartilage flap that prevents food from entering the respiratory tract |
| Larynx | Voicebox (vocal cords vibrate to produce speech when air exits the lungs) |
| Trachea | Windpipe (tube from the larynx to the chest) |
| Bronchus | Lower end of the trachea that divides to connect to the lungs |
| Bronchiole | Lower/smaller bronchi within the lungs |
| Alveoli | Cluster of thin-walled sacs surrounded by capillaries that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Lungs | Organs of respiration |
| Diaphragm | Muscle that makes breathing possible |
| Ventilation | the process of breathing |
| Inspiration | (inhalation) the diaphragm contracts (moves down) and the rib cage expands |
| Expiration | (exhalation) the diaphragm relaxes (moves up) and the rib cage returns to normal |
| External Respiration | Exchange of carbon dioxide & oxygen between the lungs and blood stream |
| Internal Respiration | Exchange of carbon dioxide & oxygen between the tissue cells and blood stream |
| Asthma | Narrowed bronchioles caused by spasms/swelling (triggered by allergies or exercise) |
| Bronchitis | Inflammation (swelling) of the bronchial tubes (caused by infection) |
| Emphysema | A non-infectious, chronic disease where the walls of alveoli deteriorate and lose their elasticity. |
| Epistaxis | nosebleed |
| Influenza | Viral infection that causes coughing, sneezing, fatigue, body aches and contagious with a quick onset |
| Laryngitis | Inflammation of the voicebox |
| Lung Cancer | Abnormal cell growth found mainly in the lungs of smokers |
| Pneumonia | Lung infection of the alveoli |
| Rhinitis | Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes |
| Sinusitis | Inflammation of the mucous membranes in the sinuses |
| Tuberculosis | Infectious bacterial lung disease where lesions form in the lungs that can spread (Highly contagious) |
| Transverse plane | horizontal plane that divides body into a top and bottom half |
| Midsagittal plane | divides the body into a right and left side |
| Frontal or Coronal Plane | divides the body into a front section (ventral or anterior) and back section (dorsal or posterior) |
| Superior | body parts above the transverse plane |
| Inferior | body parts below the transverse planeC |
| Cranial | body parts near the head |
| Cadaul | body parts near the sacral region of the spinal column |
| Medial | body parts close to the midline of the body |
| Lateral | body parts away from the midline of the body |
| Ventral or Anterior | front side of the body |
| Dorsal or Posterior | backside of the body |
| Proximal | body parts close to the point of reference |
| Distal | body parts furthest from the point of reference. |
Created by:
vorachekt
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