Anterior Abdominal Wall
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| How do you describe the location on the abdominal wall | Quadrants or Regions
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| What are the four quadrants | Right Upper, Left Upper, Right Lower, Left Lower
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| What are the nine regions | Epigastric, Right and Left Hypochondriac, Umbilical, Right and Left
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| What are the muscles of the abdominal wall | External Abdominal Oblique, Internal Abdominal Oblique, Transverse Abdomininus, Rectus Abdominus
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| What are the layers of the abdominal wall from superficial to deep | Skin, Campers fascia, Scarpas fascia, External oblique muscle, Internal oblique muscle, Transverse abdominal muscle, Transversalis fascia, Extraperitoneal fat, Parietal peritoneum
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| What is teh rectus sheath |
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| Below the arcuate line the only thing covering the abdominal rectus is | Transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum
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| Describe the innnervation pattern of the abdominal wall |
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| How do you describe the location on the abdominal wall | Quadrants or Regions
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| What are the four quadrants | Right Upper, Left Upper, Right Lower, Left Lower
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| What are the nine regions | Epigastric, Right and Left Hypochondriac, Umbilical, Right and Left
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| What are the muscles of the abdominal wall | External Abdominal Oblique, Internal Abdominal Oblique, Transverse Abdomininus, Rectus Abdominus
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| What are the layers of the abdominal wall from superficial to deep | Skin, Campers fascia, Scarpas fascia, External oblique muscle, Internal oblique muscle, Transverse abdominal muscle, Transversalis fascia, Extraperitoneal fat, Parietal peritoneum
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| What is teh rectus sheath |
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| Below the arcuate line the only thing covering the abdominal rectus is | Transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum
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| Describe the innnervation pattern of the abdominal wall |
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| A protrusion of any viscus from its proper cavity. The Protruded parts are generallly contained in a sac-like structure, formed by the membrane with which the cavity is naturally lined | Hernia
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| This type of hernia is one in which the individual can push on it and its goes back in. Food can still pass through | Reducible
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| This type of hernia is one in which it is an emergancy situation because food cannot pass through and the blood supply has also been cut off | Strangulated
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| Where do hernias occur | Anywhere there is a weakness in the abdominal wall
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| This type of hernia is caused by a patent processus vaginalis. It enters the deep inguinal ring and exits the superficial ring, usually into the scrotum. It is within all 3 spermatic coverings. It is also the most common type of hernia (2/3) | Indirect
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| This type of hernia is caused by a weakness in the abdominal wall deep to the superficial ring. It passes through the wall and exits the superficial ring rarely going into the scrotum. It is covered by peritoneum and transversalis fascia. | Direct
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| What is the median umbilical fold | A remnant of the uracus, a urinary structure in the fetus
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| What are the medial umbilical folds | Remnants of the ubilical arteries
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| What are the lateral umbilical folds | functioning inferior epigastric vessels as they pass from teh external iliac vessels to the rectus abdominis muscle
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| The inguinal ligament, the inferior epigastric arteries (lateral umbilical fold) and the lateral border of the rectus muscle for what | Hesselbach's Triangel
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| What is the significance of Hesselbach's Triangle | If a hernia is inside the triangle it is a direct hernia, if it is outside it is indirect. One needs to know what type it is when going in for surgurs so one knows how to repair it.
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| What are causes of hernias | Straining while defecating, coughing Basically anything that raises intra-abdominal pressure
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| The internal and external obliques are a ... connected through aponerosis | Continueum
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| Can the rectus muscles work independently of the obliques | Yes. they are inside the envelope and basicly do not interfere with the action of the obliques.
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| What is Valsalva's Maneuver | Any time you raise intraabdominal pressure by closing off the glottis.
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