Chapter 8 Misc, Muscles, Fx's, Acronyms, Modifiers
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| Flexor | Causes flexion or bending of a limb or body part
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| Extensor | Causes straightening of a limb or body part
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| Adductor | Moves a part of the body towards the midline of the body
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| Abductor | Moves a part of the body away from the midline of the body
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| Pronator | Turns a part downward or backward by rotating
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| Supinator | Turns a part upward or forward by rotating
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| Colles' Fracture | A fracture of the wrist at the distal radius. Sometimes the ulnar styloid also is involved
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| Smith's Fracture | Similar to a Colles' fracture, except the bones are displaced toward the palm
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| Jones Fracture | A stress fracture of the fifth metatarsal of the foot
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| Salter- Harris Fracture | An epiphyseal plate fracture; a common injury seen in children
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| Dupuytren's Fracture | Fracture of the distal fibula with rupture of the distal tibiofibular ligaments and lateral displacement of the talus
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| Monteggia's Fracture | Fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with associated dislocation of the radial head
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| Comminuted Fracture | The bone is crushed or splintered into several pieces
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| Impacted Fracture | One part of a bone is driven forcefully into another
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| Simple Fracture | The bone is broken only in one place
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| Greenstick Fracture | The bone broken on one surface and bent on the other (think of the way a "green" twig will break when bent to far); this fracture occurs in children before the bones have hardened
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| Pathologic Fracture | A fracture caused by disease, such as an infection or tumor
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| Compression Fracture | The bone is compressed onto another bone caused by trauma or osteoporosis and common in vertebrae
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| Torus or Incomplete Fracture | One side of the bone buckles. This is mostly common in children because of their softer bones
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| AC | Acromioclavicular
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| ACL | Anterior Cruciate Ligament
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| AFO | Ankle-Foot Othosis
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| AKA | below the knee amputation
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| BLA | below-knee amputation
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| C-Spine | Cervical Spine
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| C1-C7 | Cervical vertebrae
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| CMC | carpometacarpal (joint)
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| CT | computed tomography (scan)
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| CTS | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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| DC | doctor of chiropractic medicine
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| DDD | degenerative disc disease
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| Dexa/DXA | dual-energy x-ray absorptionmetry
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| DIP | distal interphalangeal (joint)
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| DJD | Degenerative joint disease
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| DME | durable medical equipment
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| DO | doctor of osteopathy
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| DTRs | deep tendon reflexes
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| EMG | electromyogram
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| FROM | full range of motion
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| FX | fracture
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| FWB | full weight bearing
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| HNP | herniated nucleus pulposus
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| INJ | injection
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| IM | intramuscular
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| IP | interphalangeal
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| IT | iliotibial
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| LE | lower extremity
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| LP | lumbar puncture
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| L-spine | lumbar spine
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| L1-L5 | lumbar vertebrae
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| LS | lumbosacral (spine)
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| LT | left side
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| MCL | medical cruciate ligament
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| MCP | metacarpophalangeal (joint)
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| MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging
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| MTP | metatarsophalangeal (joint)
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| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
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| ORIF | open reduction internal fixation
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| PCL | posterior cruciate ligament
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| PIP | proximal interphalangeal joint
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| PT | physical therapy
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| RA | Rheumatoid Arthritis
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| RF | Rheumatoid factor
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| ROM | range of motion
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| RT | right side
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| SI | sacroiliac (joint)
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| SLAP | superior labral anterior posterior (superior glenoid labrum or SLAP of shoulder)
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| TENS | transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
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| THR | total hip replacement
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| T-Spine | thoracic spine
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| T1-T12 | thoracic vertebrae
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| TMJ | temporomandibular joint
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| UE | Upper Extremity
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| Closed treatment without manipulation | Closed TX involves simple immobilization of the affected body part using a cast, splint, or similar device. May be referred to as skin traction in the medical record which refers to the longitudinal application of force to a bone using felt or strapping a
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| Closed treatment with manipulation | Bone ends do not always maintain alignment at the point of the Fx. When affected area must be manipulated to realign Fx or dislocation, code must be change to include work & risk involved. Codes indicating "with manipulation" may also specify w/ or w/o tr
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| Closed Treatment with or without the application of Traction | CPT codes involving the application of traction to maintain the alignment of fractured bones or dislocations are usually worded with manipulation, with or without (specific type of) traction
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| Open treatment and reduction of a Fracture/Dislocation | Fx is severely displaced or out of alignment the bones can't be manipulated through the skin. Some cases internal repair required. Surgical incision to expose Fx bone performed to repair.Ends of broken bone brought together& held pins,wires,or rods.
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| Percutaneous Skeletal Fixation | This Fx Tx is neither open nor closed. Xrays taken. Fixation (screws or pins) placed through skin into bone. Small stab wounds usually under xray imaging these are inserted and then usually cast, splint, or brace
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| External Fixation | Pertains to procedures in which metal pins, screws, or rods are inserted through the skin in order to attach to a metal frame or some form of stabilizing device. Can be applied percutaneously or during ORIF
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| Monocortical | A graft of cortical bone removed from the outer cortex of the ilium (Ilium- part of pelvic or hip bone)
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| Bicortical | A graft of cortical bone removed as one piece from the inner and outer portions of the ilium (eg having two layers of external bone surface)
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| Tricortical | A graft of cortical bone from the ilium that includes the anterior-superior iliac spine & both the inner & outer iliac cortex as a single piece (eg having three layers of surface)
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| 3 types of femoral shaft Fx's | Type I- Spiral or transverse (most common;) Type II Comminuted; Type III Open
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| Silver Procedure (28290) | Removal of the medial eminence of the distal metatarsal bone
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| Keller, Mcbride, or Mayo Type Procedure (28292) | Removal of the medical eminence of the distal metatarsal bone and a resection of the base if the proximal phalanx
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| Keller-Mayo with Implant (28293) | Removal of the medial eminence of the distal metatarsal bone and a resection of the base of the proximal phalanax, with insertion of a double stem implant in the proximal phalanx
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| Joplin Procedure (28294) | Rearrangement of the tendons of the toe to correct a bunion deformity, followed by removal of the medial eminence of the distal metatarsal bone
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| Mitchell, Chevron, Austin, or Concentric Procedure (28296) | A double osteotomy in the first distal metatarsal
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| Lapidus Procedure (28297) | Fusion of the metatarsal bone to the cuneiform bone to affect a distal repair of the bunion and correction of the hallux valgus
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| Aiken Procedure (28298) | Removal of a wedge of the bottom of the proximal phalanx and, usually, the medial eminence of the distal metatarsal bone. The toe is immobilized with the percutaneous placement of a Kirchner wire.
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| LT | Left side of the body
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| RT | Right side of the body
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| FA | Left hand, thumb
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| F1 | Left hand, second digit
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| F2 | Left hand, third digit
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| F3 | Left hand, fourth digit
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| F4 | Left hand, fifth digit
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| F5 | Right hand, thumb
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| F6 | Right hand, second digit
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| F7 | Right hand, third digit
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| F8 | Right hand, fourth digit
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| F9 | Right hand, fifth digit
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| TA | Left foot, great toe
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| T1 | Left foot, second digit
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| T2 | Left foot, third digit
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| T3 | Left foot, fourth digit
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| T4 | Left foot, fifth digit
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| T5 | Right foot, great toe
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| T6 | Right foot, second digit
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| T7 | Right foot, third digit
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| T8 | Right foot, fourth digit
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| T9 | Right foot, fifth digit
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