Chapter 20
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Bulla | A large blister or cluster of clisters
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| Cicatrix | A scar, usually inside a wound or tissue
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| Crust | Dried blood or pus on the skin
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| Ecchymosis | A black and blue mark or bruise
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| Erosion | A shallow area of skin worn away by friction or pressure
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| Excoriation | A scratch; may be covered with dried blood
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| Fissure | A crack in the skin's surface
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| Keloid | An overgrowth of scar tissue
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| Macule | A flat skin discoloration, such as a freckle or a flat mole
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| Nodule | A large pimple or small node (larger than 6 cm)
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| Papule | An elevated mass similar to but smaller than a nodule
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| Petechiae | Pinpoint skin hemmorrhages that result from bleeding disorders
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| Plaque | A small, flat scaley area of skin
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| Purpura | Purple-red bruises usually the result of clotting abnormalities
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| Pustule | An elevated (infected) lesion containing pus
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| Scale | Thin plaques of epithelial tissue on the skin's surface
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| Tumor | A swelling of abnormal tissue growth
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| Ulcer | A wound that results from tissue loss
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| Vesicle | A blister
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| Wheal | Another term for hive
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| What is the functions of the integumentary system? | Protection, Temperature regulation, Vitamin D production, Sensation, Excretion
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| What are the layers of the skin? | Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous (or hypodermis)
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| Which layer of the skin is the most superficial layer? | The epidermis
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| What are the 2 layers of the epidermis? | Stratum Corneum, Stratum Basale
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| What is the most common cell type in the epidermis? | Keratinocyte
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| What does keratin do for the skin? | makes it waterproof, makes it resistant to bacteria and viruses
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| what is a melanocyte? | a skin cell that makes the pigment
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| what is the name of the pigment found in a melanocyte? | melanin
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| what are the 2 glands found in the dermis? | suderiferous and sebaceous
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| what is adipose tissue also known as? | fat
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| what is the function of adipose tissue? | storage, cusions and insulates underlying structures and organs
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| what determines the color of the skin? | melanin
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| besides the amount of melanin in the skin, what is another factor that determines skin color? | the amount of oxygenated blood in the dermis of the skin
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| edema | retention of fluid in the tissues
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| oxygen is carried by a pigment called | hemoglobin
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| cyanosis | a bluish color of the skin
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| hemoglobin that is well oxygenated will appear | bright red
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| hemoglobin that is not well oxygenated will appear | darker red
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| a tube-like depression in the dermis that function to generate hairs are called | hair follicles
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| which structure is attached to most hair follicles and functions to raise the hairs to stand on end? | arrector pili muscles
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| which structure functions to produce an oily sunstance on the skin called SEBUM | sebaceous glands
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| what functions to protect the end s of the fingers and toes? | nails
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| the white half-moon shaped area at the base of a nail is called | lanula
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| what are the 2 types of sweat gland? | eccrine and apocrine glands
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| which glands are the most numerous in the skin, and produce a watery type of sweat, and are activated primarily by heat? | Eccrine glands
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| which glands of the skin produce a thick type of sweat that contains a lot of proteins | Apocrine glands
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| when skin is damaged it becomes | inflammed
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| inflammation causes redness and swelling because | the nearby blood vessels dilate
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| why is inflammation painful? | because the excess fluid activated pain receptors
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| even though inflammation is red and painful, it promotes | healing
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| a scab forms on the skin when the structures of the blood vessels and the dermis are | damaged
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| a blood clot on the surface of the skin is eventually replaced by a | scab
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| what is the second leading cause of accidental death in the US after MVA? | burns
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| what is a quick way to estimate the extent of body surface area affected by a burn? | the rule of nines
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| a superficial burn is also known as a | first-degree burn
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| a partial-thickness burn is also known as a | second-degree burn
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| a full-thickness burn is also known as a | third-degree burn
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| burns that involve only the epidermis are considered to be | first-degree burns
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| burns that involve the epidermis and dermis are considered to be | second-degree burns
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| burns that involve all layers of the skin and the underlying structures such a muscles and bones are considered to be | third-degree
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| when treating a burn, if something is stuck to it, what should you do? | leave it in place
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| TURE OR FALSE: only ointments prescribed by a doctor should be applied to a burn | true
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| burns should be cooled with large amounts of cool water and you should avoid using | ice or extremely cold water
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| burns should be covered with | a sterile dressing or plastic bag
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| skin cancer is more common in light or dark colored skin? | light
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| what are the 2 most common types of skin cancer? | basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma
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| which type of skin cancer accounts for approximately 90% of all skin cancers? | basal cell carcinoma
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| signs and symptoms of basal cell carcinoma | changes on the skin and a new growth or sore on the skin that does not heal, appears waxy, smooth, red, pale, flat or lumpy and may or may not bleed
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| signs and symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma | a mole that itches or bleeds, new moles may also develop near it
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| when talking about skin moles, we use the ABCDE rule, what do the letters stand for? | A; asymmetry. B; border. C; color. D; diameter. E; evolving
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| how many stages of melanoma are there? | five
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| stage 0 melanoma | malignancy is found only in the epidermis
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| stage 1 melanoma | malignancy has spread to the epidermis and dermis, and has a thickness of 1-2 mm
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| stage 2 melanoma | nalignancy has a thickness of 2-4 mm and mayhave an ulceration
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| stage 3 melanoma | malignancy has spread to one or more nearby lymph nodes
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| stage 4 melanoma | malignancy has spread to other body organs or other lymph nodes far away from the original melanoma site
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| alopecia | a disorder that specifically targets hair
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| an inflammation of connective tissues in skin and primarily occurs on the face and legs | cellulitis
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| a general term defined as an inflammation of skin or a rash | dermatitis
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| how do we cure alopecia? | it is hereditary, it is not curable.
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| which protein gives skin it's protective quality? | keratin
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| what is the medical term for hair loss? | alopecia
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| what medical term is most commonly known as a hive? | wheal
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| dilation of small facial blood vessels, | rosacea
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| tinea corpus, tinea capitis, tinea pedis | ringworm
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| contagious skin condition caused by mites | scabies
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| harmless growths caused by a virus | warts
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| folliculitis | inflammation of a hair follicle
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| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin
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| chronic dermatitis | eczema
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| shingles | herpes zoster
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| oozing skin lesions that eventually crust over | impetigo
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