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MA 103
Chapter 20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bulla | A large blister or cluster of clisters |
| Cicatrix | A scar, usually inside a wound or tissue |
| Crust | Dried blood or pus on the skin |
| Ecchymosis | A black and blue mark or bruise |
| Erosion | A shallow area of skin worn away by friction or pressure |
| Excoriation | A scratch; may be covered with dried blood |
| Fissure | A crack in the skin's surface |
| Keloid | An overgrowth of scar tissue |
| Macule | A flat skin discoloration, such as a freckle or a flat mole |
| Nodule | A large pimple or small node (larger than 6 cm) |
| Papule | An elevated mass similar to but smaller than a nodule |
| Petechiae | Pinpoint skin hemmorrhages that result from bleeding disorders |
| Plaque | A small, flat scaley area of skin |
| Purpura | Purple-red bruises usually the result of clotting abnormalities |
| Pustule | An elevated (infected) lesion containing pus |
| Scale | Thin plaques of epithelial tissue on the skin's surface |
| Tumor | A swelling of abnormal tissue growth |
| Ulcer | A wound that results from tissue loss |
| Vesicle | A blister |
| Wheal | Another term for hive |
| What is the functions of the integumentary system? | Protection, Temperature regulation, Vitamin D production, Sensation, Excretion |
| What are the layers of the skin? | Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous (or hypodermis) |
| Which layer of the skin is the most superficial layer? | The epidermis |
| What are the 2 layers of the epidermis? | Stratum Corneum, Stratum Basale |
| What is the most common cell type in the epidermis? | Keratinocyte |
| What does keratin do for the skin? | makes it waterproof, makes it resistant to bacteria and viruses |
| what is a melanocyte? | a skin cell that makes the pigment |
| what is the name of the pigment found in a melanocyte? | melanin |
| what are the 2 glands found in the dermis? | suderiferous and sebaceous |
| what is adipose tissue also known as? | fat |
| what is the function of adipose tissue? | storage, cusions and insulates underlying structures and organs |
| what determines the color of the skin? | melanin |
| besides the amount of melanin in the skin, what is another factor that determines skin color? | the amount of oxygenated blood in the dermis of the skin |
| edema | retention of fluid in the tissues |
| oxygen is carried by a pigment called | hemoglobin |
| cyanosis | a bluish color of the skin |
| hemoglobin that is well oxygenated will appear | bright red |
| hemoglobin that is not well oxygenated will appear | darker red |
| a tube-like depression in the dermis that function to generate hairs are called | hair follicles |
| which structure is attached to most hair follicles and functions to raise the hairs to stand on end? | arrector pili muscles |
| which structure functions to produce an oily sunstance on the skin called SEBUM | sebaceous glands |
| what functions to protect the end s of the fingers and toes? | nails |
| the white half-moon shaped area at the base of a nail is called | lanula |
| what are the 2 types of sweat gland? | eccrine and apocrine glands |
| which glands are the most numerous in the skin, and produce a watery type of sweat, and are activated primarily by heat? | Eccrine glands |
| which glands of the skin produce a thick type of sweat that contains a lot of proteins | Apocrine glands |
| when skin is damaged it becomes | inflammed |
| inflammation causes redness and swelling because | the nearby blood vessels dilate |
| why is inflammation painful? | because the excess fluid activated pain receptors |
| even though inflammation is red and painful, it promotes | healing |
| a scab forms on the skin when the structures of the blood vessels and the dermis are | damaged |
| a blood clot on the surface of the skin is eventually replaced by a | scab |
| what is the second leading cause of accidental death in the US after MVA? | burns |
| what is a quick way to estimate the extent of body surface area affected by a burn? | the rule of nines |
| a superficial burn is also known as a | first-degree burn |
| a partial-thickness burn is also known as a | second-degree burn |
| a full-thickness burn is also known as a | third-degree burn |
| burns that involve only the epidermis are considered to be | first-degree burns |
| burns that involve the epidermis and dermis are considered to be | second-degree burns |
| burns that involve all layers of the skin and the underlying structures such a muscles and bones are considered to be | third-degree |
| when treating a burn, if something is stuck to it, what should you do? | leave it in place |
| TURE OR FALSE: only ointments prescribed by a doctor should be applied to a burn | true |
| burns should be cooled with large amounts of cool water and you should avoid using | ice or extremely cold water |
| burns should be covered with | a sterile dressing or plastic bag |
| skin cancer is more common in light or dark colored skin? | light |
| what are the 2 most common types of skin cancer? | basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma |
| which type of skin cancer accounts for approximately 90% of all skin cancers? | basal cell carcinoma |
| signs and symptoms of basal cell carcinoma | changes on the skin and a new growth or sore on the skin that does not heal, appears waxy, smooth, red, pale, flat or lumpy and may or may not bleed |
| signs and symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma | a mole that itches or bleeds, new moles may also develop near it |
| when talking about skin moles, we use the ABCDE rule, what do the letters stand for? | A; asymmetry. B; border. C; color. D; diameter. E; evolving |
| how many stages of melanoma are there? | five |
| stage 0 melanoma | malignancy is found only in the epidermis |
| stage 1 melanoma | malignancy has spread to the epidermis and dermis, and has a thickness of 1-2 mm |
| stage 2 melanoma | nalignancy has a thickness of 2-4 mm and mayhave an ulceration |
| stage 3 melanoma | malignancy has spread to one or more nearby lymph nodes |
| stage 4 melanoma | malignancy has spread to other body organs or other lymph nodes far away from the original melanoma site |
| alopecia | a disorder that specifically targets hair |
| an inflammation of connective tissues in skin and primarily occurs on the face and legs | cellulitis |
| a general term defined as an inflammation of skin or a rash | dermatitis |
| how do we cure alopecia? | it is hereditary, it is not curable. |
| which protein gives skin it's protective quality? | keratin |
| what is the medical term for hair loss? | alopecia |
| what medical term is most commonly known as a hive? | wheal |
| dilation of small facial blood vessels, | rosacea |
| tinea corpus, tinea capitis, tinea pedis | ringworm |
| contagious skin condition caused by mites | scabies |
| harmless growths caused by a virus | warts |
| folliculitis | inflammation of a hair follicle |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| chronic dermatitis | eczema |
| shingles | herpes zoster |
| oozing skin lesions that eventually crust over | impetigo |
Created by:
cambridgeuniversity
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