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MCAT Org. Chem Ch. 3

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Question
Answer
show Describe the size, shape, orientation, and nnumber of atomic orbitals that an element possesses  
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show Describes the energy level (shell) in which an electron resides and indicates the distance from the nucleus to the electron. Its possible values range from 1 to inf.  
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Azimuthal Quantum Number, l   show
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show Determines the orbital in which an electron resides. Possible values range from -l to l. Different orbitals have different shapes: s-orbitals are spherical, while p-orbitals are dumbbell-shaped and located on the x-, y-, or z-axis  
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show Describes the spin of an electron. Possible values = +1/2  
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show Created by head-to-head or tail-to-tail overlap of atomic orbitals of the same sign and are energetically favorable.  
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show Created by head-to-head or tail-to-tail overlap of atomic orbitals that have opposite signs and are energetically unfavorable.  
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show Sigma bonds which contain two electrons.  
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show Contain one sigma bond and one pi bond. Pi bonds are created by sharing electrons between two unhybridized p-orbitals that align side-by-side.  
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Triple Bonds   show
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show Multiple bonds are less flexible because rotation is not permitted in the prescence of a pi bond.  
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Strength of Multiple Bonds vs. Single Bonds   show
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Strength of Individual Pi and Sigma Bonds   show
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show Orbitals that have 25% s character and 75% p character. They form tetrahedral geometry with 109.5 degree bond angles. Carbons with all single bonds are sp3-hybridized.  
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sp2-hybridized orbitals   show
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sp-hybridized orbitals   show
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Resonance   show
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Conjugation   show
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Note About Resonance And Stability Of A Molecule   show
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Note About Electron Density And Stability Of Resonant Molecule Forms   show
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show Favored forms are ones that lack formal charge, form full octets on electronegative atoms, or stabilize charges through induction and aromaticity.  
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