MCAT Org. Chem Ch. 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Has designated standards for naming chemical compounds.
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| show | 1. Find the longest carbon chain in the compound that carries the highest priorty functional group (parent chain)
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| show | 2. Number the chain in such a way that the highest-priority functional group receives the lowest possible number to determine the suffix of the molecule.
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| show | 3. Name the substituents with a prefix. Multiple substituents of a single type receive another prefix denoting how many are present (di-, tri-, tetra-)
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| show | 4. Assign a number to each of the substituents depending on the carbon to which it is bound.
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| show | 5. Complete the name by alphabetizing the substituents and separate numbers from each other by commas and from words by hyphens.
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| Parent Chain | show 🗑
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| show | They are named according to the numbers of carbons present, followed by the suffix -ane
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| show | CH4
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| show | C2H6
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| Propane | show 🗑
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| show | C4H10
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| show | Use the Greek root for the number (pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, etc)
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| show | Double bonds
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| show | Triple bonds
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| show | Substitute -ene for the suffix, and number the double bond with the lower-numbered carbon in the bond.
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| show | Substitute -yne for the suffix, and number the triple bond with the lower-numbered carbon in the bond.
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| show | Contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group which substitutes for one or more hydrogens in the hydrocarbon chain
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| show | Substitute the suffix -ol or use the prefix hydroxyl- if a higher priority group is present.
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| Note About Priority For Alcohols And Bonds | show 🗑
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| show | contain 2 hydroxyl groups
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| show | Diols that contain two hydroxyl groups on the same carbon
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| Vicinal Diols | show 🗑
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| show | Carbon double-bonded to an oxygen
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| show | Have the carbonyl group on a terminal carbon that is attached to a hydrogen atom.
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| show | Suffix: -al, or use the prefix oxo- if a higher-priority group is present.
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| show | Have carbonyl group on a nonterminal carbon
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| show | Suffix: -one. Prefix: oxo- if a higher-priorty group is present.
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| Alternate Prefix For Ketones | show 🗑
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| Note About Acetone's Significance As A Ketone | show 🗑
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| Alpha-Carbon | show 🗑
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| show | Highest priority functional group because they contain three bonds to oxygen. One comes from a hydroxyl group, and two from a carbonyl group.
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| Suffix for Carboxylic Acids | show 🗑
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| show | Carboxylic acid derivatives where -OH is replaced with -OR (an alkoxy group)
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| show | Suffix: -oate. Prefix: alkoxycarbonyl-
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| show | Replace hydroxyl group of a carboxylic acid with an amino group that may or may not be substituted.
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| show | Suffix: -amid. Prefix: -carbamoyl / amido-
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| show | Formed from two carboxylic acids by dehydration. They can be symmetric (two of the same acid), asymmetric (two different acids), or cyclic (intramolecular reaction of a dicarboxylic acid)
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| show | Suffix: -anhydride in place of acid. If an anhydride is formed from more than one carboxylic acid, both are named in alphabetical order in the name before the word anhydride.
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| List Of Priority For Functional Groups | show 🗑
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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