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MCAT Org. Chem Ch. 1

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Question
Answer
show Has designated standards for naming chemical compounds.  
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show 1. Find the longest carbon chain in the compound that carries the highest priorty functional group (parent chain)  
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Second Step of Naming Chemical Compounds   show
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Third Step of Naming Chemical Compounds   show
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show 4. Assign a number to each of the substituents depending on the carbon to which it is bound.  
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show 5. Complete the name by alphabetizing the substituents and separate numbers from each other by commas and from words by hyphens.  
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Parent Chain   show
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show They are named according to the numbers of carbons present, followed by the suffix -ane  
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show CH4  
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show C2H6  
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show C3H8  
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Butane   show
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show Use the Greek root for the number (pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, etc)  
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Type of Bonds In Alkenes   show
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show Triple bonds  
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Suffix and Naming For Alkenes   show
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show Substitute -yne for the suffix, and number the triple bond with the lower-numbered carbon in the bond.  
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show Contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group which substitutes for one or more hydrogens in the hydrocarbon chain  
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show Substitute the suffix -ol or use the prefix hydroxyl- if a higher priority group is present.  
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Note About Priority For Alcohols And Bonds   show
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show contain 2 hydroxyl groups  
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Geminal Diols   show
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Vicinal Diols   show
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Carbonyl Group   show
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show Have the carbonyl group on a terminal carbon that is attached to a hydrogen atom.  
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Suffix and Prefix For Aldehydes   show
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Ketones   show
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Suffix and Prefix For Aldehydes and Ketones   show
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show keto-  
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show It is the smallest ketone  
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Alpha-Carbon   show
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show Highest priority functional group because they contain three bonds to oxygen. One comes from a hydroxyl group, and two from a carbonyl group.  
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show Suffix: -oic acid  
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show Carboxylic acid derivatives where -OH is replaced with -OR (an alkoxy group)  
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Suffix And Prefix For Esters   show
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show Replace hydroxyl group of a carboxylic acid with an amino group that may or may not be substituted.  
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Suffix And Prefix For Amides   show
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Anhydrides   show
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show Suffix: -anhydride in place of acid. If an anhydride is formed from more than one carboxylic acid, both are named in alphabetical order in the name before the word anhydride.  
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show Carboxylic acid > anhydride > ester > amide > aldehyde > ketone > alcohol > alkene or alkyne > alkane  
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