Medical Terminology a living language
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| what are the four primary structures of the cardiovascular system? | Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
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| angi/o | vessel
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| aort/o | aorta
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| arteri/o | artery
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| atheri/o | fatty substance
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| atri/o | atrium
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| cardi/o | heart
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| coron/o | heart
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| corpor/o | body
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| embol/o | plug
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| isch/o | to hold back
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| myocardi/o | heart muscle
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| pect/o | chest
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| -manometer | instrument to measure pressure
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| -ole | small
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| -tension | pressure
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| -tonic | pertaining to tone
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| -ule | small
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| phleb/o | vein
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| sphygm/o | pulse
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| steth/o | chest
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| thromb/o | clot
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| valv/o | valve
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| valvul/o | valve
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| varic/o | dialated vein
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| vascul/o | blood vessel
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| vas/o | vessel, duct
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| ven/o | vein
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| vetricul/o | ventricle
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| what is the function of the heart? | pumps blood through blood vessels
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| what is the function of the artery? | carries blood away from the heart
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| what is the function of the vein? | carries blood towards the heart
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| what is the function of the capillary? | exchange site between blood and tissue
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| what is another name for the cardiovascular system? | circulatory system
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| what are the two parts of the circulatory system? | pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation
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| in the pulmonary circulation________ blood is transported to the lungs but whn it is being transported back it is called________. | Deoxygenated blood, oxygenated blood
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| in systemic circulation _________ is transported away from the heart towards the ____ and ______ then back to the heart | oxygenated blood, cells, tissue
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| in addition to distributing oxygen and other nutrients the cardiovascular system collects ___ from the cells and transports them to the lung, liver and kidneys where they are ____ from the body. | waste, eliminated
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| what type of fibers make up the heart? | cardiac muscle fibers
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| how many chambers/cavities are in the heart? | four
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| how many times would a heart beat in a minute? | between 60 and 100
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| how many times does the heart beat in a day? | one hundred thousand
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| where is the heart located? | in the mediastinum
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| the apex of the heart is located at the ___ part of the sternum | lower
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| what would you call the inner layer of the heart which serves to reduce friction as the blood passes through the heart chambers? | endocardium
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| what would you call the thick muscular middle layer of the heart? | myocardium
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| what purpose does the myocardium serve? | contracts creating the pressure required to pump blood
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| what would you call the visceral layer of the outer layer of the heart? | epicardium, visceral pericardium
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| what would you call the absolute outer layer of the heart? | parietal pericardium
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| what are the upper chambers of the heart called? | atria
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| what are the lower chambers of the heart called? | ventricles
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| interatrial septum separates the left and right___ | atria
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| interventricular septum separates the left and right_____ | ventricles
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| which sections of the heart perform the pumping action? | ventricles
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| what type of valve is the tricuspid valve? | atrioventricular valve
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| the atrioventricular valve controls the opening between the ____and the ____ | atrium, ventricle
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| what type of valve is the pulmonary valve? | semilunar valve
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| the pulmonary valve controls the opening between the ____ and the____ | right ventricle, pulmonary artery
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| what is another name for the mitral valve? | bicuspid valve
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| what type of valve is the mitral valve? | atrioventricular valve
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| which side of the heart does is the mitral valve located? | left
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| which side of the heart is the tricuspid valve located? | right
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| what type of valve is the aortic valve? | semilunar valve
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| where is the aortic valve located? | between the left ventricle and the aorta
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| what are the names of the veins that attach to the right atrium? | superior vena cava, inferior vena cava
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| which section of the heart is connected to the pulmonary artery? | right ventricle
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| which section of the heart is connected to the pulmonary veins? | left atrium
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| what is the largest artery in the body? | aorta
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| which part of the heart is attached to the aorta? | left ventricle
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| the relaxed phase in which a heart chamber collects blood is called? | diastole
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| the contracted state in which a heart chamber pushes blood from the chamber is called? | systole
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| what happens in the sinatrial node? | electrical impulses begin causing the atria to contract.
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| after the sinoatrial node is stimulated which node is stimulated? | atrioventricular node
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| after the atrioventricular node is stimulated what is the next thing to be stimulated? | atrioventricular bundle
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| what is another name for the atrioventricular bundle? | bindle of His
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| where would an electrical signal travel after the bundle of His? | down the bundle branches within the ventricular septum
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| after the electrical impulse travels down the bundle branches what is stimulated? | the purkinje fibers
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| what do the purkinje fibers do when stimulated? | contract the ventricles
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| what are the three types of blood vessels? | arteries, capillaries, veins
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| what is the lumen? | the channel within the blood vessels through which the blood flows
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| where does the coronary artery come from and what does it provide blood for? | the aorta, myocardium
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| what are the smallest type of arteries called? | arterioles
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| where do the arterioles deliver blood? | capillaries
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| what would you call a network of tiny blood vessels? | capillary bed
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| where does blood go once it exits a capillary bed? | venules
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| what are the smallest veins called? | venules
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| what is the purpose of the valve in the veins? | to control the direction of blood flow
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| what is blood pressure? | a measurement of the force exerted by blood against the wall of a blood vessel
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| what is the instrument used to measure blood pressure called? | sphygmomanmeter
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| sphygm/o | pulse
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| -manometer | instrument used to measure pressure
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| what is the normal systolic pressure for an adult? | less than 120
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| what is the normal diastolic pressure for an adult? | less than 80
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| duct/o | to bring
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| orth/o | strait
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| sept/o | wall
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| son/o | sound
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| -ectomy | surgical removal
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| -gram | record
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| -graphy | process of recording
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| -ia | condition
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| -lytic | destruction
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| -rrhexis | rupture
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| -sclerosis | hardening
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| -stenosis | narrowing
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| -inter | between
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| -intra | within
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| inflamation of a vessel | angiitis
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| embolus | blood clot
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| an area of tissue which is dying because of loss of blood supply | infarct
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| a temporary localized deficiency of blood supply due to an obstruction | ischemia
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| the sudden drop in blood pressure that occurs when a person stands suddenly | orthostatic hypotension
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| a racing heartbeat | palpitations
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| what would you call backflow of blood through a valve? | regurgitation
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| what would you call a blood clot forming within blood vessels? | thrombus
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| what would you call it when an electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down the bundle branches? | bundle branch block
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| what would you call a hole present at birth in the septum between two heart chambers? | congenital septal defect
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| what would you call a condition in which there is reduced outflow from the left side of the heart because of weakness in the myocardia? | congestive heart failure
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| what would you call a condition where there is insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle due to an obstruction? | coronary artery disease
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| what would you call a serious quivering or contraction of the heart muscles | fibrillation
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| what would you call a condition in which the atria beat too rapidly but to a regular pattern? | flutter
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| what would you call a condition in which the flaps of the heart are too loose resulting in blood backflow? | hert valve prolapse
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| what would you call a condition in whic the valves of the heart are too stiff allowing for limited flow and do not shut tightly allowing backflow of blood? | heart valve stenosis
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| what would you call a condition caused by the partial or complete closing of one or more coronary arteries? | myocardial infarction
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| what would you call a combination of four congenital anomalies: pulmonary stenosis, an interventricular septal defect, improper placement of the aorta, hypertrophy of the right ventricle? | tetralogy of fallot
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| what would you call weakness in the wall of an artery resulting in localized widening of the artery? | aneurysm
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| what would you call a ruptured artery? | arteriorrhexis
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| what would you call a deposit of a fatty substance in the wall of an artery? | atheroma
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| what would you call a congenital narrowing of the aorta? | coarctation of the aorta
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| what would you call a vericous vein found in the anal region? | hemorrhoid
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| what's another name for high blood pressure? | hypertension
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| what's another name for low blood pressure? | hypotension
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| what would you call a congenital heart anomoly in which the fetal connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta fail to close at birth? | patent ductus arteriosus
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| what would you call periodic ischemic attacks affecting the extremities of the body in which the extremities become cyanotic and painful? | raynauds phenomenon
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| what would you call the process of listening to sounds within the body using a stethoscope? | auscultation
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| what would you call a blood test to determine the level of enzymes specific to heart muscles in the blood? | cardiac enzymes
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| what would you call a blood test to measure the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood? | serum lipoprotein level
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| what would you call an x-ray of a vessel taken during an angiography? | angiogram
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| what would you call an x-ray of a blood vessel after the injection of an opaque material is injected? | angiography
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| what would you use to measure the velocity of blood moving through vessels and to check for blood clots? | doppler ultrasanography
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| what is a noninvasive diagnostic method using ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures? | echocardiography
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| what would you call a portable ecg monitor which assesses the heart and pulse activity | holter monitor
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| what does CPR stand for? | cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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| what would you call it when blood is routed to a heart-lung machine during surgery? | extracorporeal circulation
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| what would you call the surgical joining together of two arteries? | arterial anastomosis
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| what would you call the removal of diseased or damaged inner lining of an artery? | endraterectomy
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| what would you call the surgical treatment for varicose veins in which the vein is tied off and removed? | ligation and stripping
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| what would you call the process for treating localized coronary artery narrowing by inserting a balloon catheter and dilating the blood vessel? | percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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| what would you call a stainless steel tube placed within a blood vessel to widen the lumen? | stent
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| what is the abbreviation for automated external defibrillator? | AED
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| what is the abbreviation for atrial Defibrillation | AF
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| what is the abbreviation for Acute myocardial infarction? | AMI
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| what is the abbreviation for arteriosclerosis? | AS
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| what is the abbreviation for Atrial septal defect? | ASD
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| what is the abbreviation for arteriosclerotic heart disease? | ASHD
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| what is the abbreviation for Atrioventricular? | AV, A-V
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| what is the abbreviation for bundle branch block? | BBB
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| what is the abbreviation for blood pressure? | BP
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| what is the abbreviation for beats per minute? | BPM
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| what is the abbreviation for coronary artery bypass graft? | CABG
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| what is the abbreviation for coronary artery disease? | CAD
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| what is the abbreviation for catheterization? | Cath
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| what is the abbreviation for Cardiac catheterization or chief complaint? | CC
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| what is the abbreviation for coronary care unit? | CCU
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| what is the abbreviation for congestive heart failure? | CHF
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| what is the abbreviation for coarctation of the aorta? | CoA
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| what is the abbreviation for chest pain? | CP
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| what is the abbreviation for congenital septal defect? | CSD
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| what is the abbreviation for cardiovascular? | CV
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| what is the abbreviation for deep vein thrombosis? | DVT
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| what is the abbreviation for extra corporeal circulation? | ECC
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| what is the abbreviation for electrocardiogram? | ECG, EKG
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| what is the abbreviation for echocardiogram? | ECHO
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| what is the abbreviation for glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase? | GOT
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| what is the abbreviation for hypertension? | HTN
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| what is the abbreviation for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator? | ICD
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| what is the abbreviation for intensive care unit? | ICU
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| what is the abbreviation for intravenous? | IV
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| what is the abbreviation for left ventricular assist device? | LVAD
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| what is the abbreviation for left ventricular hypertrophy? | LVH
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| what is the abbreviation for myocardial infarction or mitral insufficiency? | MI
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| what is the abbreviation for millimeters of mercury? | mm Hg
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| what is the abbreviation for mitral regurgitation? | MR
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| what is the abbreviation for mitral stenosis? | MS
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| what is the abbreviation for mitral valve prolapse? | MVP
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| what is the abbreviation for pulse? | P
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| what is the abbreviation for premature atrial contraction? | PAC
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| what is the abbreviation for patient ductus arteriosus? | PDA
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| what is the abbreviation for peracutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty? | PTCA
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| what is the abbreviation for premature ventricular contraction? | PVC
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| what is the abbreviation for the first heart sound? | S1
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| what is the abbreviation for the second heart sound? | S2
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| what is the abbreviation for sinoatrial? | SA, S-A
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| what is the abbreviation for streptokinase? | SK
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| what is the abbreviation for tissue-type plasminogen activator? | tPA
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| what is the abbreviation for ventricular fibrillation? | V fib
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| what is the abbreviation for ventricular septal defect? | VSD
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| what is the abbreviation for ventricular tachycardia? | VT
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