Vocabulary
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| Adrenal Cortex | Outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol. aldosterone, and sex hormones
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| Adrenal Medulla | Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| Ovaries | Located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secrection
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| Pancreas | Located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) cells (islets of Langehans) secrete hormones from the pancreas. Also contains cells with exocrine function. Secrete enzymes, via a duct into the small intestine to aid digestion.
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| parathyroid gland | four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland. Some people have 3 or 5.
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| Pituitary gland (hypophysis) | located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). Weighs 1/16 ounce and 1/2 in across
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| Testes | two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; repsonsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion.
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| Thyroid gland | located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thryroxine.
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| Adrenaline (epinephrine) | Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increase heart rate and blood pressure
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| Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); AKA adrenocorticotropin. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex
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| aldosterone | secreted by the adrenal cortex; increase salt (sodium) reabsorption
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| Androgen | male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; example: testosterone
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| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis).ADH vasopressin inscreases reabsorption of water by the kideny
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| Calcitonin | secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium leels
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| cortisol | secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory efffect.
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| epinephrine (adrenaline) | secreted by adrenal medulla; increase heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airway (sympathomimetic); fight or flight
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| estradiol | estrogen (female hormone) secreted by ovaries
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| estrogen | female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex. Estradiol and estrone.
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| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) FSH stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by ovaries and sperm in testes.
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| glucagon | secreted by alpha islet cells of pancreas; increase blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose
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| growth hormone (GH); somatotropin | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitay gland (adenohypophysis);stimulates growth of bone and soft tissues
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| insulin | secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas. Helps glucose pass into cells, and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen
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| luteinizing hormone (LH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates ovulation in females and secretion of testosterone in males
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| norepinephrine | secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic). Nor- in chemistry means a parent compound from which another is derived.
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| oxytocin (OT) | secreted by posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth.
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| parathormone (PTH) | secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium
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| progesterone | secreted by ovaries; prepares uterus for pregnancy
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| prolactin(PRL) | SECRETED BY ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY GLAND (ADENOHYPOPHYSIS) ; promotes milk secretion
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| somatropin (STH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); growth hormone
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| testosterone | male hormone secreted by testes
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| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin | secreted by anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); acts on the thyroid gland to promte its function. NOT SECRETED BY THYROID GLAND
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| THYROXINE(T4) | secreted by thyroid gland; aka tetraiodothyronine. increase metabolism in cells.
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| triiodothyronine (T3) | secreted by thyroid gland; increases metabolism in cells. The extra n in -thyronine avoids the combiatio of two vowels (o and i)
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| vasopressin | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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| catecholamines | hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. EPINEPHRINE
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| cotricosteroids | hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys), and androgens and estrogens
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| electrolyte | mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper function of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electrolytes.
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| glucocorticoid | steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose,fat,protein metabolism. cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response.
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| homeostasis | tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment
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| hormone | substance, secreted by and endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland.
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| hypothalamus | region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. it secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland
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| mineralocorticoid | steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts(electrolytes) and eater balance in the body. Aldosterone
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| receptor | cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited
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| sella turcica | cavity in the skill that contains the pituitary gland
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| sex hormones | steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics
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| steroid | complex substance related to fats (derived from sterol, such as choleterol), and of which many hormones are made. Estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralcorticoids. Ster/o =solid; -ol=oil
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| sympathomimetic | pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline is a sympathomimetic hormone (raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways)
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| target tissue | cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones.
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