BIOL 2402 CHP.19
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| ABO Blood Group | Blood-type classification based on the presence or absence of A and B glycoprotiens on the erythrocyte membrane surface.
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| Agglutination | Clustering of cells into masses linked by antibodies
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| Agranular Leukocytes | Leukocytes with few granules in their cytoplasm
EX: Monocytes ,Lymphocytes
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| Albumin | 54%, osmotic pressure of blood along w/ Na+ blood buffer
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| Anemia | Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin
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| Antibodies | (Immunoglobins or Gamma Globulins) antigen-specific protiens produced by specialized B lymphocytes that protect the body by binding to foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses
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| Anticoagulant | substance such as heparin that opposes coagulation
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| antithrombin | anticogulant that inactivates facator X and opposes the conversion of prothrombin (factor II) into thrombin in the common pathway
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| B Lymphocytes | (B Cells) lymphocyes that defend the body against specific pathogens and thereby provide specfic immunity
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| Basophils | WBC; less that 0.5-1% in blood; Has Granules(deep blue); Release chemicals that medicate inflammation and allergic respones
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| Bilirubin | Yellowish bile pigment produced when iron removed from heme and is further broken down into waste products
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| Biliverdin | Green bile pigment produced when the non-iron portion of heme is degraded into a waste product; converted to bilirubin in the liver
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| Blood | Liquid connective tissue composed of formed elements - erythocytes, leukocytes, and platelets - and a fluid extracellular matrix called plasma; component of the cardiovascular system
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| Bone Marrow Biopsy | Diagnostic test of a sample of red bone marrow
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| Bone Marrow Transplant | Treeatment in which a donor's healthy bone marrow with its stem cells replaces diseased or damages bone marrow of a patient
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| Buffy Coat | Thin,pale layer of leukocytes and platelets that separates the erythrocytes from the plasma in a sample of centrifu
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| Carbaminohemoglobin | Compound of carbon dioxide and hemobglobin, and one of the ways in which carbon dioxide is carried in the blood
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| Clotting Factors | Group of 12 identified substances active in coagulation
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| Coagulation | Formation of a blood clot; part of the process of hemostasis
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| Colony-Stimulating Factors(CSFs) | Glycoproteins that trigger the proliferation and differenation of myeloblasts into grammer leukocytes
EX: Basophils, Neutrophils, and Eosinophils
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| Common Pathway | Final Coagulation pathway activated either by the intrinsic or the extrinsic pathway, and ending in the formation of a blood clot
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| Cross Matching | Blood test for for identification of blood type using antibodies and small samples of blood
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| Cytokines | Class of proteins that act as autocrine or paracrine signaling molcules; in the cardiovascular system, they stimulate the proliferation of progenitor cells and help to stimulate both nonspecific and specifc resistance to disease
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| Defensins | Antimicrobial proteins released from neutrophils and macrophages that create openings in the plasma membranes to kill cells
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| Deoxyhemoglobin | Molecule of hemoglobin w/o an oxygen molecule bound to it
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| Diapedesis | (Emigration) process by which leukocytes squeeze through adjacent cells in a blood vessel wall to enter tissue
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| Embolus | Thrombus that has broken free from the blood vessel wall and entered the circulation
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| Emigration | (Diapedesis) process by which leukocytes squeeze through adjacent cells in a blood vessel wall to enter tissue
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| Eosinophil | WBC; 1-4% in blood ; Has Granules(deep red); Destroy invaders(antibody-coated parasites)
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| Erythrocyte | RBC; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide; composed mostly of hemoglobin; mature myeloid blood cells
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| Erythroproietin(EPO) | Glycoprotein that triggers the bone marrow to produce RBCs; secreted by the kidney in response to low oxygen levels
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| Extrinsic Pathway | Initial coagulation pathway that begins with tissue damage and results in the activation of common pathway
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| Ferritin | Protein-containing storage form of iron found in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen
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| Fibrin | Insoluble, filamentous protein that forms the structure of a blood clot
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| Fibrinogen | Plasma protein; 7%, produced in the liver and involved in blood clotting
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| Fibrinolysis | Gradual degradation of a blood clot
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| Formed Elements | Cellular components of blood; that is erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
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| Globin | Heme-containing globular protein that is constituent of hemoglobin
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| Globulins | Plasma Protein; 30%, protein that binds to lipids and fat solute vitamins
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| Granular Leukocytes | Leukocytes w/ abundant granules in their cytoplasm
EX: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
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| Hematocrit | Volume percentage of erythrocytes in a sample of centrifuged blood
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| Heme | Red, iron-containing pigment to which oxygen binds in hemoglobin
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| Hemecytoblast | Hemopietic stem cell that gives rise to the formed elements of blood
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| Hemoglobin | Oxygen in blood that gives it is red color
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| Hemolysis | Destruction(lysis) of erythrocytes and the release of their hemoglobin into circulation
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| Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn(HDN) | (Erythroblastosis Fetalis) disorder causing agglutination and hemolysis in an Rh+ fetus or newborn of an Rh- mother
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| Hemophilia | Genetic disorder characterized by inadequate synthesis of clotting factors
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| Hemopoiesis | Production of the formed elements of blood
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| Hemopoietic Growth Factors | Chemical signals including erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, colony-stimulating factors and interleukins that regulate the differentiation and proliferation of particular blood progenitor cells
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| Hemopoietic Stem Cell | Type of pluripotent stem cell that gives rise to the formed elements of blood(hemocytoblasts)
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| Hemorrhage | Excessive bleeding
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| Hemosiderin | Protein-containing storage form of iron found in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen
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| Hemostasis | Physiological process by which bleeding ceases
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| Heparin | Short-Acting anticoagulant stored in mast cells and released when issues are injured, opposes prothrombin
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| Hypoxemia | Below- normal level of oxygen saturation of blood (typically<95%)
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| Interleukins | Signaling molecules that may function in hemopoiesis, inflammation, and specific immune response
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| Intrinsic Pathway | Initial coagulation pathway that begins w/ vascular damage or contact w/ foreign substances, and results in the activation of the common path
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| Leukemia | Cancer involving leukocytes
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| Leukocyte | WBCs
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| Leukocytosis | Excessive leukocyte proliferation
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| Leukopenia | Below-Normal production of leukocytes
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| Lymphocytes | WBC; 20-35% in blood; no granules; specific responses to invaders including antibody production
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| Lymphoid Stem Cell | Type of hemopoietic stem cells that gives rise to lymphocytesm including various T cells, B Cells, and NK cells, all of which function in immunity
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| Lymphoma | Form of cancer in which masses of malignant T and/or B lymphocytes collect in lymph nodes, the spleen, the liver, and other tissues
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| Lysozyme | Digestive enzymes w/ bacterial properties
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| Macrophage | Phagocytic cell of the myeloid lineage; a mature monocyte
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| Megakaryocyte | Bone marrow cell that produces platelets
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| Memory Cell | Type of B or T lymphocyte that forms after exposure to a pathogen
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| Monocyte | 3-8% in blood; WBC; no granules; ingest and destroy invaders and antigen presentation
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| Myeloid Stem Cells | RBCs and WBCs
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| Natural Killer (NK) Cells | Cytotoxic lymphocytes capable of recognizing cells that do not express "self" proteins on their plasma membrane or that contain foreign or abnormal markers; provides generalized, nonspecific immunity
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| Neutrophils | WBC; 50-70% in blood ; has granules(fine; light pink to light purple) ; ingest and destroy invaders
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