direcional terms intro to A&P
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| anatomical position | standard body position
*erect,head level,eyes forward
*feet flat on the floor
*arms at the sides
*palms facing forward
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| superior | *above
*towards the head or upper part of a structure
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| inferior=caudal | *below
*awar from the head or lower part of a structure
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| anterior=ventral | *nearer to or at the front of the body
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| posterior=dorsal | *back
*nearer to or at the back of the body
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| medial | *nearer to the midline
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| lateral | *farther from the midline
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| proximal | nearer to
*if a limb, nearer to the point of attachment
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| distal | * farther from
*if a limb farther from the point of attachment
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| superficial=external | toward or on the surface of the body
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| deep=internal | *away from the surface of the body
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| ipsilateral | * on the same side of the body as another structure
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| contralateral | *on the opposite side of the body from another structure
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| planes | * body planes are imaginary flat surfaces that pass through body parts
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| sagittal plane | *vertical
*divides the body into right and left
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| mid-sagittal plane=median sagittal plane | *sagittal plane directly down the midline
* equal parts
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| parasagittal plane | *sagittal plan offset from the midline
*unequal parts
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| frontal plane=coronal plane | *vertical
*divides body into anterior and posterior parts
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| transverse plane=cross sections=horizontal plane | *horizontal
*divides the body into superior and inferior planes
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| oblique plane | *passes through the body on an angle between the transverse plane & either a sagittal or frontal plane
*SLANT
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| body cavities | *spaces within the body that house,protect,& separate internal organs
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| cranial cavity | *encases the brain
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| vertebral=spinal cavity | *runs within the bony vertebral column
*encloses the spinal card
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| thoracic cavity | *fromed by the ribs,muscles of the chest, the breastbone & chest portions of the spine
*houses the HEART & LUNGS(plus esophagus,trachea,etc.)
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| pericardial cavity | *surrounds the HEART
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| pleural cavities | *surround each lung
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| mediastinum | *cavity between the lungs that contain all thoracic organs except the lungs
*heart,esophagus,trachea,thymus,several large blood vessels
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| abdominopelvis cavity | extends from the diaphragm to the groin and is enriched by the abdominal wall & bones of muscles of the pelvis
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| abdominal cavity contains most of | *large intestine,small intestine,stomach,liver,spleen,&gallbladder
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| pelvic cavity contains | portions of the large intestine,& urinary bladder
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| retroperitoneal | *contain *kidneys & pancreas
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| abdominopelvic quadrants | *right upper quadrant
*right lower quadrant
*left upper quadrant
*left lower quadrant
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| number of organ systems in body | 11
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| integumentary system organs | *skin
*related structures hair,nails,sweat 7 oil glands
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| integumentary system function | * protection
*body temperature regulation & perception
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| skeletal system organs | *bones
*cartilage
*joints
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| skeletal system function | *support
*protection
*blood cell production
*movement
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| muscular system organs | *skeletal muscle
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| muscular system function | *movement
*maintains posture
*maintains heat production
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| nervous system organs | *brain
*spinal cord
*nerves
*sense organs
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| nervous system function | *regulations via nerves
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| endocrine system organs | *glands
*pancreal gland
*thyroid gland
*pituitary gland
*adrenal gland
*pancreas
*ovary
*testes
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| endocrine system function | * regulation of body activities via hormones
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| cardiovascular system organs | *blood
*heart
*blood vessels
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| cardiovascular system function | *transportation of oxygen & nutrients
*protection against disease
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| Lymphatic system/immunity organs | *lymph
*spleen
*thymus
*lymph nodes
*tonsils
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| Lymphatic system/immunity function | *protection
*transport
*filters
*WBC production
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| respiratory system organs | *pharynx
*larynx
*trachea
*lungs
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| respiratory system function | *gas exchange
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| digestive system organs | *organs of GI tract
*mouth, esophagus,stomach, small intestine,large intestine
*acessory digestive organs: salivary glands,liver,gallbladder,& pancreas
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| digestive system function | *nutrient absorption
*elimination of waste
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| urinary system organs | * kidneys
*ureters
*urinary bladder
*urethra
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| urinary system function | *removes waste in form of urine
*filters blood
*regulates pH
*regulates cell production
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| female reproductive system organs | *ovaries
*fallopian tubes
*uterus
*vagina
*mammary glands
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| female reproductive system function | *production & transporation of reproductive cells
*hormone production
*mammary glands secrete milk
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| male reproductive system organs | *testes
*epididymis
*seminal vesicles
*urethra
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| male reproductive system function | *production & transportation of reproductive cells
*hormone production
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