WVSOM: Endocrine System
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| What are the three cell types found in the pars distalis | Acidophils, basophils and chromophobes
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| What do somatotrophs secrete | Growth Hormone (GH)
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| What do mammotrophs secrete | Prolactin
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| What are the acidophils | Somatotrophs and mammotrophs
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| What are the basophils | Thryotrophs, Gonadotrophs, and corticotrophs
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| What do the thryotrophs secrete | TSH
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| TSH causes the release of what | thyroxine and triiodothryonine
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| Gonadotrophs release what | FSH
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| What do Corticotrophs release | ACTH
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| What does the release of ACTH trigger | The release of glucocorticoids
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| What is another name for the posterior portion of the pituitary | pars nervosa (neurohypophysis)
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| What are Herring bodies | Stores of oxytocin and ADH in the axon terminals
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| What are pituicytes | support cells found in the pars nervosa
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| What does the release of oxytocin cause | smooth muscle contraction, milk release, and uterine contractions
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| What organ/gland appears to look like bubble gum | thyroid
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| Another name for parafollicular cells | C-cells
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| What do C-cells secrete | calcitonin
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| Are C-cells part of the epithelium in the thyroid | NO!
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| Calcitonin limits the activity of what | osteoclast
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| Would high or low levels of blood calcium stimulate calcitonin | high
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| Principal cells are another name for what | Follicular cells
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| What do principle/follicular cells release | T3 and T4 hormones
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| What do T3 and T4 hormones cuases | increase in basal metabolic rate, increase in CO, increase food consumption, cartilage growth, and other energy requring cell functions
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| What mainly makes up the colloid in the thyroid gland | inactive thyroid hormone (thryoglobulin)
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| What is hashimoto's disease | An autoimmune disease that causes destruction of the thyroid resulting in hypothyroidism
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| What is another name for hyperthyroidism | thryotoxicosis
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| Symptoms of hyperthyroidism | fatigue, weight loss, rapid pulse, red eyes, nervousness, sweating, heat intolerance, etc...
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| How many parathyroid glands usually exist | 4
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| Where are they located (general) | posterior of thyroid
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| PTH is released by what gland | parathyroid glands
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| What action does PTH have on osteoclast | increases their activity
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| What else does PTH regulate | phosphate levels
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| What function does the pineal gland serve | 24 hour cyclic release of hormones
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| What are three symptoms releated to hyperparathyroidism | kidney stones, bone loss, and muscular weakness
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| Surgical removal of the thyroid could result in what disorder | hypothyroidism
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| Low blood calcium levels could maifest as what | muscle cramps and tingling in fingers and toes
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| The pineal gland works in harmony with what other gland | hypothalamus
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| From superficial to deep, name the zones adrenal cortex | zona Glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticulais
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| What does the zona glomerulosa secrete/control | mineralcorticoids (mainly aldosterone) in response to angiotensin II
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| What does the cytoplasm of the zona glomerulosa stain | acidophilic
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| What is the thickest layer of the cortex | zona fasciulata
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| What does the zona fasiculata secrete | glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone) in response to ACTH
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| What does the zona reicularis secrete | small amounts of glucocorticoids, and DHEA and androstenedione
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| What is Cushings syndrome | hypersecretion of cortisol and androgens
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| What is addisons disease | hyposecretion of adrenal cortex
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| Name the three cell types in the islets of langerhans | Alpha cells, beta cells, and delta cells
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| Describe Alpha cells | make up 20% of cells and secrete glucagon
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| Describe Beta cells | make up 70% of cells and secrete insulin
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| Describe Delta cells | make up 5-10% and secrete somatostatin
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| Where do centerendocrine cells hang out in the GI | crypts of lieberkuhn
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