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Endocrine System
WVSOM: Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three cell types found in the pars distalis | Acidophils, basophils and chromophobes |
| What do somatotrophs secrete | Growth Hormone (GH) |
| What do mammotrophs secrete | Prolactin |
| What are the acidophils | Somatotrophs and mammotrophs |
| What are the basophils | Thryotrophs, Gonadotrophs, and corticotrophs |
| What do the thryotrophs secrete | TSH |
| TSH causes the release of what | thyroxine and triiodothryonine |
| Gonadotrophs release what | FSH |
| What do Corticotrophs release | ACTH |
| What does the release of ACTH trigger | The release of glucocorticoids |
| What is another name for the posterior portion of the pituitary | pars nervosa (neurohypophysis) |
| What are Herring bodies | Stores of oxytocin and ADH in the axon terminals |
| What are pituicytes | support cells found in the pars nervosa |
| What does the release of oxytocin cause | smooth muscle contraction, milk release, and uterine contractions |
| What organ/gland appears to look like bubble gum | thyroid |
| Another name for parafollicular cells | C-cells |
| What do C-cells secrete | calcitonin |
| Are C-cells part of the epithelium in the thyroid | NO! |
| Calcitonin limits the activity of what | osteoclast |
| Would high or low levels of blood calcium stimulate calcitonin | high |
| Principal cells are another name for what | Follicular cells |
| What do principle/follicular cells release | T3 and T4 hormones |
| What do T3 and T4 hormones cuases | increase in basal metabolic rate, increase in CO, increase food consumption, cartilage growth, and other energy requring cell functions |
| What mainly makes up the colloid in the thyroid gland | inactive thyroid hormone (thryoglobulin) |
| What is hashimoto's disease | An autoimmune disease that causes destruction of the thyroid resulting in hypothyroidism |
| What is another name for hyperthyroidism | thryotoxicosis |
| Symptoms of hyperthyroidism | fatigue, weight loss, rapid pulse, red eyes, nervousness, sweating, heat intolerance, etc... |
| How many parathyroid glands usually exist | 4 |
| Where are they located (general) | posterior of thyroid |
| PTH is released by what gland | parathyroid glands |
| What action does PTH have on osteoclast | increases their activity |
| What else does PTH regulate | phosphate levels |
| What function does the pineal gland serve | 24 hour cyclic release of hormones |
| What are three symptoms releated to hyperparathyroidism | kidney stones, bone loss, and muscular weakness |
| Surgical removal of the thyroid could result in what disorder | hypothyroidism |
| Low blood calcium levels could maifest as what | muscle cramps and tingling in fingers and toes |
| The pineal gland works in harmony with what other gland | hypothalamus |
| From superficial to deep, name the zones adrenal cortex | zona Glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticulais |
| What does the zona glomerulosa secrete/control | mineralcorticoids (mainly aldosterone) in response to angiotensin II |
| What does the cytoplasm of the zona glomerulosa stain | acidophilic |
| What is the thickest layer of the cortex | zona fasciulata |
| What does the zona fasiculata secrete | glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone) in response to ACTH |
| What does the zona reicularis secrete | small amounts of glucocorticoids, and DHEA and androstenedione |
| What is Cushings syndrome | hypersecretion of cortisol and androgens |
| What is addisons disease | hyposecretion of adrenal cortex |
| Name the three cell types in the islets of langerhans | Alpha cells, beta cells, and delta cells |
| Describe Alpha cells | make up 20% of cells and secrete glucagon |
| Describe Beta cells | make up 70% of cells and secrete insulin |
| Describe Delta cells | make up 5-10% and secrete somatostatin |
| Where do centerendocrine cells hang out in the GI | crypts of lieberkuhn |
Created by:
lowryc
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