PATHO exam 1 review
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| Edema occurs when there is an imbalance in ______ and _____ pressure | Hydrostatic, Oncotic
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| Edema is an _____ of fluid in the bodys tissues | accumulation
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| Pathogenesis of edema :_____ Hydrostatic pressure causes a _______ in oncotic pressure = edema | Increased, Decreased
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| Pathogenesis of edema: _______ hydrostatic pressure causes a ______ in permeability of the venule = Edema | Increased, Increase
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| Normally _#_ml/min blood leaves the atrial BV and _#_ ml/min enters the Lymphatic organ to get filterd while the other _#_ ml/min returns to the venule | 14,2,12
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| In edema when increasing ______ pressure the fluid does not return to the venule and begins to build up in body tissue . which also causes and increased rate of _______ for both venule and atrial side causing more fluid to enter the tissues | Hydrostatic, permeability
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| In edema when there is a Decrease in _______ pressure this results in failure of the fluid to return to the venule and remain in the body tissue | Oncotic
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| ____ ______ occurs when a tumor or object(worm in Africa) is blocking the entrance of fluid into the lymphatic organ | Lymphatic obstruction
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| Hyperemia is an increase in ? | Temperature
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| 2 types of Hyperemia | Active and Passive
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| Type of Hyperemia that consists of dilatation of arterioles – Blushing, exercise, inflammation (more normal homeostasis process) | Active Hyperemia
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| Type of Hyperemia that consists of decrease of venous flow; often associated with hydrostatic edema. | Passive hyperemia (congestion)
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| Chronic Passive hyperemia of liver :The liver in patients with ____ ventricular failure results in a characteristic of ‘Nutmeg liver’ (multiple red depressed cells). | right
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| Chronic Passive hyperemia of lung: The lung in the patients with___ ventricular failure often leads to alveolar fibrosis (brown induration of the lung). The _____ in the lung are known as ‘Heart failure cells’. (may be caused by smoking) | left, macrophages
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| what parts of the circulatory system have the highest blood volume ? and what has the least blood volume | Veins and venules (64%) have the most , Arteries & arterioles (13%), Capillaries (7%) have the least
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| What type of Hemorrhage has a BRIGHT red color and has a pulsating flow (squirts RAPIDLY) | Atrial Hemorrhage
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| What type of Hemorrhage has a DARKER red color and has a steady SLOW flow ? | Venous Hemorrhage
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| What type of Hemorrhage has a reddish mixed with blue , violet color and has a slow, even flow ? | Capillary Hemorrhage
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| _____ Hemorrhage results from soft tissue injury (You can see it ) , | External
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| For External Hemorrhage The seriousness of the injury is dependent on : 2 Things | 1.Anatomical source of hemorrhage (aterial,venous,capillary)
2. The amount of blood loss tolerated by the patient
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| Humans have apron. how many liters of blood ? and whats the max u can lose ? | 6.5L, no more then 3 liters can be lost
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| External hemorrhage : Most soft tissue trauma is accompanied by ___ hemorrhage and is not life threatening , but can carry serious risks of patient morbidity and disfigurement | mild
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| _____ Hemorrhage that can be deadly because you CANT see it | Internal
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| Internal Hemorage : can result from | Blunt or penetrating trauma , Acute or Chronic medical illness
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| Internal bleeding that can cause hemodynamic instability usually occurs in one of four body cavities: | Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis, Peritoneum(stomach)
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| How is internal hemorrhage found ? | Though a diagnostic test
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| 6 Clinically important forms of Hemorrhage ? | Skin hemorrhage, Hemopytsis, Hematemesis, Hematuria, Metrorrhagia, Melena
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| ________ : skin bleeding | Skin hemorrhage
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| ________ : Respiratory Tract bleeding | Hemoptysis
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| ________: Vomiting blood | Hematemesis
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| ________: Blood in urine | Hematuria
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| ________: Utero-vaginal bleeding (abnormal menstrual bleeding) | Metrorrhagia
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| ________: Black (deoxygenated) blood in stool or feces NOT hemorrhoids | Melena
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| ______ is a Big clot formation inside the blood vessels (BAD when in blood vessels) | Thrombi (blood clot)
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| Lines of Zhan consists of ____ and ____ which are responsible for the shape of______ | Fibrin, Platelets, Thrombus
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| Virchow's triad shows what 3 factors that contribute to Thrombosis ? The factors may act independently or may combine to cause thrombus formation. | Endothelial Injury, Abnormal blood flow, Hypercoagulability
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| What drug stops bleeding in dental surgery ? | Thrombrin
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| What does Thrombi(blood clot) consist of ? | Fibrin mesh network, RBC, WBC, Platelets
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| _____ injury is the single most important factor in formation of thrombi | Endothelial
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| Injury to endothelial cells can cause ____ ____ flow and affect_____ | abnormal blood, coagulability
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| Abnormal blood flow (stasis or turbulence), in turn, can cause ____ injury. | endothelial
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| Drug/protein given for heart and stroke patients (thrombosis) | (TPA) Tissue Plasminogen Activator
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| (TPA) Tissue Plasminogen Activator is a ____/____ that is released from _____ cells of ____ _____ which cleaves the _____ and _____ the clot | drug/protein, endothelial, Blood vessels, dissolves
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| According to the AHA (american heart association) for CARDIAC patients TPA has to be given with in ____ hours of the event. (heart attack) | 6 hours
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| According to the AHA (american heart association) for STROKE patients TPA has to be given with in ____ hours of the event. (stroke) | 3 hours
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| Carotid & cerebral arteries, Aorta, Heart valve, varicose veins & coronary arteries are all common sites of ? | Thrombus formation
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| Can thrombi be in the arteries and in the veins ? | Yes, Atrial and venous thrombi
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| What are the possible Fates of thrombi ? | Lysis by TPA, organization (not often), Recanalization, Embolism
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| Free moving mass (clot) carried from one anatomic site to another via..blood | Emobli or Embolis , (chunk of thrombi that broke off and traveled somewhere else
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| The worst type of clot formation, called widow maker, can die in sleep, acts very quickly , consists of calcified clots. | Saddle Embolus
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| SADDLE EMBOLUS Location: Pathogenesis: | Location: Pulmonary Artery
Pathogenesis: cuts down blood supply to the heart
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| Infraction is | Necrosis ( death of tissue)
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| 2 types of infracts | White & Red
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| Type of infract that has a (pale) off red appearance usually found in the heart ? | White infract
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| Typeof infract that has a hemmorrhagic appearance "dark red" usually found in intestine ? | Red Infract
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| The fate of infarcts depends on their____ site, the type of cells forming the tissue, circulatory status of the organism, extent of necrosis, | anatomic
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