nervous system
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| dendrites | bring info into nerve cell body
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| axon | carries motor impulses away from neuron
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| nissl substance | grainy material in cytoplasm; consists of rough ER
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| myelin sheath | insulator; represents concentric wrappings of lipids
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| nodes of Ranvier | gaps; act to increase speed of nerve impulses down the axon
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| 3 layers | endoneurium,perineurium, epineurium
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| what do neurons make? | proteins
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| what do schwann cells make? | insulation
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| neuroglial cells do what? | support
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| 4 types of nueroglial cells | astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial, and ependymal cells
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| astrocytes | basis of the blood-brain barrier
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| oligodendrocytes | form the lipoprotein myelin for axons in the CNS
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| microglial cells | the smallest and least numerous; phagocytic; they engulf invading microorganisms and dead/injured neurons
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| ependymal cells | form the choroid plexus epithelium that secretes the cerebrospinal fluid
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| rough ER does what? | protein synthesis
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| golgi apparatus does what? | package synthesized products
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| schwann cells create? | myelin
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| what are the interveniing depressions of the cerebral cortex? | sulci
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| the lateral sulcus divides what lobes? | frontal and parietal
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| precentral cortex is..?? | the primary motor cortex which governs control of voluntary skeletal muscle function
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| premotor cortex | responsible for complex intergrated motions
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| prefrontal cortex | concerned with behavior and short term memory
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| broca's area | controls motor speech
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| poostcentral cortex | recieves initial info from 5 senses
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| occipital lobe | responds to visual info
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| temporal lobe | responds to auditory info
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| primary auditory cortex | recieves sound impulses
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| auditory associtaion cortex | interprets sound
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| wernicke's area | responsible for comprehensive understanding of language
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| the limbic system governs? | emotions, behavior and memory
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| the thalamus | functions to distribute the incoming sensory info to regions of cerebral cortex
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| the hypothalamus | regulates hormone release from pitutairy gland
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| pineal body | thought to play a role in regulation of production and release of melatonin
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| optic nerve carries...? | visual info to the retina
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| oculomotor nerve provides..? | motor innervation to 4 of the 6 extraocular eye muscles as well as SM of iris
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| the trochlear and abducens nerves provide...? | motor innercation 1 of the remaining eye muscles
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| trigeminal nerve provides | motor innervation to the muscles of mastication and carry sensory info from the face, mucous mmembrances of mouth the teeth and the cornea
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| facial nerve provides...? | motor innervation to muscles of facial expression
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| glossopharryngeal nerve supplies..? | muscles of pharynx and conveys senestaion from taste buds
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| vagus nerve | wanders through body providing motor innervation to muscles of parynx
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| hypoglossal nerve provides...?? | motor innervation to tonngue muscles for speech and to assist in swallowing
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| 4 brain ventricles | two lateral ventricels (right and left), a single third and a 4th
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| the pituitary stalk suspends...? | the pituitary gland
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| tumors in the pituitary gland may...? | produce alterations to vision
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| the circle of willis is believed to...? | equalize the blood pressure and blood flow between the 2 hemispheres
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| gray matters requires more what than the white matter | blood
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| what is most susceptible to stroke and embolism? | the internal carotid arteries
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| 31 pairs of spinal nerves | 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccyxgeal
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| sensory nerves bring info...? | IN
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| 3 layers of meninges | dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
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| dura mater | "hard mother" and is outermost component
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| arachnoid mater | "spider mother" has web like projections
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| subarachnoid space | contain cerebrospinal fluid
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| pia mater | "tendor mother" covers surface of cord and brain
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| meningitis | meningi get inflamed
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| epidural space iss..? | outside the dura mater
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| the wall of the eyeball is comprised of...? | 3 coats/tunics....the fibrous tunic, the vascular tunic, the nervous tunic
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| the retina is in what tunic | the nervous tunic
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| the superior rectus and inferior rectus | 2/6 extraocular muscles
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| what is the fibrous tunic? | the "white of the eye"
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| the suspensory ligament...? | alters the shape of the lens
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| the iris..? | is the colored portion of the eye, and contains 2 groups of smooth muscle that control the size of the pupil opening
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| optic disc | "blind spot"; insensitive to light
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| fovea centralis | area of greatest visual acuity
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| the eyeball has 2 types of fluids | known as humors, contained within 3 chambers- posterior, anterior and vitreous
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| the ear is housed within | the protective petrous portion of the temporal bone
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| the external ear contains... | the auricle, external auditory meatus and tympanic membrane (eardrum)
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| the ext. auditory meatus includes... | hair, sebaceous glands and modified sweat glands known as ceruminous glands that secrete wax
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| the middle ear cavity contains... | 3 ossicles, and the eustachian tube
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| the inner ear incluedes | 3 semicircular canals for balancethe cochlea for sound detectionand the vestible
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| sound causes... | vibration of the tymphanic membrane which results in movement of the auditory ossicles
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| what moves when, when sound is heard | 1. malleus moves2. incus3. stapes
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| the vestibular division recieves... | sensory impulses from vestibule and ampullae of semicircular canalss conveying info on equilibirum and balance
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| the chochlear division... | transmits sensory info on hearing from the cochlea
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| the cochlea is shaped like | a sea shell
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