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KERR exams 4
nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| dendrites | bring info into nerve cell body |
| axon | carries motor impulses away from neuron |
| nissl substance | grainy material in cytoplasm; consists of rough ER |
| myelin sheath | insulator; represents concentric wrappings of lipids |
| nodes of Ranvier | gaps; act to increase speed of nerve impulses down the axon |
| 3 layers | endoneurium,perineurium, epineurium |
| what do neurons make? | proteins |
| what do schwann cells make? | insulation |
| neuroglial cells do what? | support |
| 4 types of nueroglial cells | astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial, and ependymal cells |
| astrocytes | basis of the blood-brain barrier |
| oligodendrocytes | form the lipoprotein myelin for axons in the CNS |
| microglial cells | the smallest and least numerous; phagocytic; they engulf invading microorganisms and dead/injured neurons |
| ependymal cells | form the choroid plexus epithelium that secretes the cerebrospinal fluid |
| rough ER does what? | protein synthesis |
| golgi apparatus does what? | package synthesized products |
| schwann cells create? | myelin |
| what are the interveniing depressions of the cerebral cortex? | sulci |
| the lateral sulcus divides what lobes? | frontal and parietal |
| precentral cortex is..?? | the primary motor cortex which governs control of voluntary skeletal muscle function |
| premotor cortex | responsible for complex intergrated motions |
| prefrontal cortex | concerned with behavior and short term memory |
| broca's area | controls motor speech |
| poostcentral cortex | recieves initial info from 5 senses |
| occipital lobe | responds to visual info |
| temporal lobe | responds to auditory info |
| primary auditory cortex | recieves sound impulses |
| auditory associtaion cortex | interprets sound |
| wernicke's area | responsible for comprehensive understanding of language |
| the limbic system governs? | emotions, behavior and memory |
| the thalamus | functions to distribute the incoming sensory info to regions of cerebral cortex |
| the hypothalamus | regulates hormone release from pitutairy gland |
| pineal body | thought to play a role in regulation of production and release of melatonin |
| optic nerve carries...? | visual info to the retina |
| oculomotor nerve provides..? | motor innervation to 4 of the 6 extraocular eye muscles as well as SM of iris |
| the trochlear and abducens nerves provide...? | motor innercation 1 of the remaining eye muscles |
| trigeminal nerve provides | motor innervation to the muscles of mastication and carry sensory info from the face, mucous mmembrances of mouth the teeth and the cornea |
| facial nerve provides...? | motor innervation to muscles of facial expression |
| glossopharryngeal nerve supplies..? | muscles of pharynx and conveys senestaion from taste buds |
| vagus nerve | wanders through body providing motor innervation to muscles of parynx |
| hypoglossal nerve provides...?? | motor innervation to tonngue muscles for speech and to assist in swallowing |
| 4 brain ventricles | two lateral ventricels (right and left), a single third and a 4th |
| the pituitary stalk suspends...? | the pituitary gland |
| tumors in the pituitary gland may...? | produce alterations to vision |
| the circle of willis is believed to...? | equalize the blood pressure and blood flow between the 2 hemispheres |
| gray matters requires more what than the white matter | blood |
| what is most susceptible to stroke and embolism? | the internal carotid arteries |
| 31 pairs of spinal nerves | 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccyxgeal |
| sensory nerves bring info...? | IN |
| 3 layers of meninges | dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater |
| dura mater | "hard mother" and is outermost component |
| arachnoid mater | "spider mother" has web like projections |
| subarachnoid space | contain cerebrospinal fluid |
| pia mater | "tendor mother" covers surface of cord and brain |
| meningitis | meningi get inflamed |
| epidural space iss..? | outside the dura mater |
| the wall of the eyeball is comprised of...? | 3 coats/tunics....the fibrous tunic, the vascular tunic, the nervous tunic |
| the retina is in what tunic | the nervous tunic |
| the superior rectus and inferior rectus | 2/6 extraocular muscles |
| what is the fibrous tunic? | the "white of the eye" |
| the suspensory ligament...? | alters the shape of the lens |
| the iris..? | is the colored portion of the eye, and contains 2 groups of smooth muscle that control the size of the pupil opening |
| optic disc | "blind spot"; insensitive to light |
| fovea centralis | area of greatest visual acuity |
| the eyeball has 2 types of fluids | known as humors, contained within 3 chambers- posterior, anterior and vitreous |
| the ear is housed within | the protective petrous portion of the temporal bone |
| the external ear contains... | the auricle, external auditory meatus and tympanic membrane (eardrum) |
| the ext. auditory meatus includes... | hair, sebaceous glands and modified sweat glands known as ceruminous glands that secrete wax |
| the middle ear cavity contains... | 3 ossicles, and the eustachian tube |
| the inner ear incluedes | 3 semicircular canals for balancethe cochlea for sound detectionand the vestible |
| sound causes... | vibration of the tymphanic membrane which results in movement of the auditory ossicles |
| what moves when, when sound is heard | 1. malleus moves2. incus3. stapes |
| the vestibular division recieves... | sensory impulses from vestibule and ampullae of semicircular canalss conveying info on equilibirum and balance |
| the chochlear division... | transmits sensory info on hearing from the cochlea |
| the cochlea is shaped like | a sea shell |
Created by:
melissan15
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