Liles Skeletal System
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| joint | the points of contact between two bones.Three main types -diarthroses(movable), amphiarthroses(partially movable), and synathroses(immovable).
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| abduction | movement away from midline or axis of body; opposite of adduction.
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| adduction | movement of part of body or limb toward the midline of body; opposite of abduction.
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| appendicular skeleton | part of skeleton consisting of shoulder and pelvic girdles,arms and legs.
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| axial skeleton | skeleton of head and trunk.
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| ball and socket joint | diarthroses joint allows the greatest freedom of movement.
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| medullary canal | Located in the center of diaphysis, filled with yellow bone marrow, mostly made of fat cells.
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| ossification | the process when mineral matters starts to replace previously formed cartilage, creating bones.
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| bursa sacs | small sac that cushion joints
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| circumduction | circular movement at a joint.
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| osteocyte | a mature bone cell.
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| periosteum | a tough fibrous tissue which contatins blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves that covers the outside of the bone.
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| diaphysis | shaft of long bone.
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| endosteum | lining of the medullary cavity in the long bone.
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| epiphysis | the end of the long bone.
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| extension | act of increasing the angle between two bones.
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| flexion | the act of bending a limb or decreasing the angle between two bones.
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| pronation | the forearm turns the hand so the palm is downward or backward.
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| rotation | movement allows a bone to move around one central axis.
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| spongy bone | porous bone, found in epiphysis
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| supination | The palm is forward or upward (lying on back)
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| fontanel | unossified areas in the infant skull; soft spot.
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| arthritis | inflammation of the joint.
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| suture | immovable joint in cranial cavity.
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| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa.
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| dislocation | displacement of one or more bones of a joint or organ from original position.
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| gliding joint | nearly flat surfaces glide across each other, as inthe vertebrae of the spine. these joints enable the torso to bend forward, backward, and sideways, as well as rotate
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| hinge joints | move in one direction or plane, as in the knees,elbows, and outer joints of the fingers.
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| pivot joints | joints with an extension rotation in a second, arch-shaped bone. Ex. radius and ulna
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| synovial fluid | secreted by synovial membrane, lubricating substance.
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| gout | increase in uric acid crystals in bloodstream which are deposited in joint cavities, especially the grat toe.
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| kyphosis | hunchback, exagerated curvature in thoracic vertebrae.
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| lordosis | swayback,forward curvature of lumbar region of spine.
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| osteoporosis | loss of calcium in bone, causing brittienes, occurs mainly in females after menopause
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| osteomyelitis | inflammmation of the bone
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| osteosarcoma | bone cancer.
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| whiplash | trauma to cervical vertebra.
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| sprain | wrenching of a joint, producing a stretching or tearing of ligaments.
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| spiral fracture | broken bone by twisting, common sport injury.
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| simple fracture | closed fracture. when the bone is broken, but the broken ends do not pierce through the skin forming an external wound.
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| compound fracture(open) | bone fragments pierce skin
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| greenstick fracture | found in children
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| compound fracture(open) | bone fragments pierce skin
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| comminuted fracture | bones broken into many pieces
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| scoliosis | side to side or lateral curvature of the sping
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| rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disease of joints 3x more common in women
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| osteoarthritis | degenerative joint disease
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| rickets | affects children - lack of vitamin D, may cause bowlegs and pigeon breast. Prevented by Vitamin D and sunshine
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| open reduction | surgically reducing a fx using plates, wires or screws
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| closed reduction | cast and or splint keep realigned bone in place
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Created by:
Connie Liles
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